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The Letters of Luisa de Carvajal

路易莎·德·卡瓦哈尔的书信

基本信息

批准号：
AH/E509800/1
负责人：
Glyn Redworth
金额：
$ 38.47万
依托单位：
University of Manchester
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2007 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FE509800%2F1
关键词：
Letters Luisa de Carvajal

项目摘要

The letters of Luisa de Carvajal y Mendoza reveal the story of a Spanish aristocrat and self-styled nun who left Spain at the age of 39 - in the year of Gunpowder Plot - to lead a secret life of poverty among London's clandestine Catholic community. As a child, she had lived a life of luxury, being educated alongside the children of King Philip II In the royal convent of the Descalzas Reoles. When she came of age, she found herself drawn to a religious life, but railed against the then dominant cultural model for religious females: the Council of Trent along with St Teresa of Avila had advocated strict enclosure as the only acceptable way of life for religious females. With the help of the Jesuits, Luisa attempted to create an alternative lifestyle where females would live as an order or congregation yet remaining active in the world. She and her companions first set up home in the calle Toledo in Madrid, and her earliest letters date from this period. Later she lived next to the English College in Valladolid, where she became even more determined to become a missionary in England, even at the risk of martyrdom. She arrived at Dover in May 1605 and made her way to London. Till her death eight years later at the very end of 1613, she secretly ministered to the capital's Catholic families, visited priests in Newgate Gaol, the Clink, and the capital's other prisons before recovering their bodies after they were hung, drawn, and quartered. By translating Luisa's letters. Interested members of the public as well as scholars who are not Spanish-language experts will be able to learn about her struggle to find a new way of living - as she herself called it - that would enable women to lead an ordered religious life without entering an enclosed nunnery or even getting married. Of her 178 letters, 150 document in amazing detail her secret life In London and her constant efforts to remain one step ahead of King James's agents. Since Luisa needed to justify her move to Protestant England to a sceptical audience back home In Catholic Spain, as well as to keep up a constant supply of funding, she used her letters to explain not just how difficult life was for English Catholics but also to explain how hard It was to be poor in England. She documents the high cost of living in London, the difficulty in obtaining fresh food, as well as the expense of bleedings and other medical treatments. Her descriptions of her visits to Newgate Prison or the Clink to visit Catholic priests and her accounts of their executions are vivid portrayals of life in early-modern London. Hitherto only available in colloquial Golden-Age Spanish, her letters are a unique personal record of life in early modern Britain's underground Catholic community as well as a record of an attempt to move out from under the shadow of St Teresa of Avila. In additional to providing a readable translation of Luisa's letters, the project will also enable a student to complete a doctoral thesis on Luisa's other types of writing, including spiritual essays and in particular her many religious poems, as well as her autobiographical account of her early life. Her poetry reveals how deeply she was drown towards a life of service but also her frustration when she was first told how she must choose between marriage and life as an enclosed nun. The poems also reveal the almost physical pain she suffered as she attempted to find her religious vocation. This raises questions about the relationship between the desire expressed in her non-epistolory writings for martyrdom and the detailed description she gives in her autobiography about the mortification of the flesh to which she was subjected to within her family during her early adolescent years. Furthermore, the student will consider frankly uncomfortable questions about whether these were literary tropes, taken from medieval saints' lives, or whether they are actual indications of child-abuse and a desire for self-annihilation.

路易莎·德·卡瓦哈尔·伊·门多萨的信件揭示了一个西班牙贵族和自称修女的故事，他在火药阴谋那年39岁离开西班牙，在伦敦秘密的天主教社区过着秘密的贫困生活。小时候，她过着奢侈的生活，与国王菲利普二世的孩子们一起在Descalzas Reoles的皇家修道院接受教育。当她成年后，她发现自己被宗教生活所吸引，但却对当时占主导地位的宗教女性文化模式感到不满：特伦特会议和阿维拉的圣特蕾莎都主张严格的圈地生活是宗教女性唯一可接受的生活方式。在耶稣会士的帮助下，路易莎试图创造一种另类的生活方式，在这种生活方式中，女性既可以作为一个教团或会众生活，又可以在世界上保持活跃。她和她的同伴们首先在马德里的托莱多建立了家，她最早的信件就是在这个时期写的。后来，她住在巴利亚多利德的英语学院附近，在那里，她更加坚定了成为英国传教士的决心，即使冒着殉道的风险。她于1605年5月抵达多佛，然后前往伦敦。直到八年后的1613年底她去世，她一直秘密地服务于首都的天主教家庭，拜访纽盖特监狱、克林克监狱和首都其他监狱的牧师，然后在他们被绞死、被拖走、被分尸后，再把他们的尸体挖出来。通过翻译路易莎的信。感兴趣的公众成员以及不是西班牙语专家的学者将能够了解她如何努力寻找一种新的生活方式-正如她自己所说的那样-这将使女性能够过上有序的宗教生活，而无需进入封闭的尼姑院甚至结婚。在她的178封信中，有150封信以惊人的细节记录了她在伦敦的秘密生活，以及她为比詹姆斯国王的特工领先一步所做的不懈努力。因为路易莎需要向信奉天主教的西班牙国内持怀疑态度的听众证明她搬到信奉新教的英格兰是合理的，同时也需要保持资金的持续供应，所以她在信中不仅解释了英国天主教徒的生活有多艰难，还解释了在英国当穷人有多艰难。她记录了伦敦高昂的生活成本，获取新鲜食物的困难，以及出血和其他医疗费用。她描述了她访问纽盖特监狱或Clink访问天主教牧师，以及她对他们被处决的描述，生动地描绘了近代早期伦敦的生活。迄今为止，只有黄金时代西班牙语的口语化版本，她的信件是近代早期英国地下天主教社区生活的独特个人记录，也是试图摆脱阿维拉的圣特蕾莎阴影的记录。除了提供路易莎信件的可读翻译外，该项目还将使学生完成路易莎其他类型写作的博士论文，包括精神散文，特别是她的许多宗教诗歌，以及她早年生活的自传。她的诗歌揭示了她是多么沉迷于服务生活，但也揭示了当她第一次被告知必须在婚姻和封闭的修女生活之间做出选择时的沮丧。这些诗还揭示了她在试图找到她的宗教使命时所遭受的几乎是身体上的痛苦。这就提出了一个问题，关于她在非书信体中对殉道的渴望和她在自传中对她在青少年时期在家庭中遭受的肉体折磨的详细描述之间的关系。此外，学生将坦率地考虑一些令人不安的问题：这些是取自中世纪圣人生活的文学比喻，还是它们实际上是虐待儿童和自我毁灭的欲望的迹象。