The New Party

新党

• 批准号: AH/F001347/1
• 负责人: Matthew Worley
• 金额: $ 2.13万
• 依托单位: University of Reading
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2008 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FF001347%2F1
• 关键词: New; Party

The New Party was formed by Sir Oswald Mosley in 1931, following his resignation from Ramsay MacDonald's Labour government and preceding his launching the British Union of Fascists (BUF) in October 1932. Mosley's objective was, initially, to formulate an effective and immediate response to the economic crisis afflicting Britain at the time. To this end, he hoped to win support from members of the three mainstream parties, which he deemed to have failed to adapt to the challenges of the modern age, and from intellectuals, economists and the press in order to propagate a programme based on a fusion of socialist and Keynesian economics committed to the 'national interest'. As controversially, the New Party insisted on the need for parliamentary reform to enact such a policy, with its emphasis on a strong executive cabinet and limited parliamentary discussion raising charges of dictatorship. Traditionally, the New Party has been seen either as a footnote in Labour Party history or as a brief stopping off point between Mosley's earlier socialism and later fascism. More recently, however, the ideas proposed by Mosley in 1930-31 have been placed in a broader context and related to the relatively fluid political-economic circumstances of the time. Put simply, Mosley was not alone in raising concerns as to the effectiveness of parliamentary democracy in the adverse circumstances of 1931; nor was he alone in beginning to conceive of a planned alternative to laissez faire capitalism. As such, the research project explores the origins, development and influence of the ideas and personalities which gathered in and around the New Party. Alongside Mosley, people such as John Strachey, Cyril Joad, John Maynard Keynes, H. G. Wells, Harold Nicolson, Osbert Sitwell, Harold Macmillan, Lord Rothermere and Anuerin Bevan joined or flitted around the edges of Mosley's circle, suggesting the New Party had a cultural and political relevance that has previously been underestimated. Linked to this, the New Party's evident failure raises questions relating to the processes, structure and nature of British politics in a turbulent period of history. As such, the New Party is used to analyse approaches to political organisation and the dissemination of political ideas in Britain between the wars. Finally, Mosley's eventual conversion to fascism was very much linked to his experience immediately prior to and amidst the New Party's formation and development. Consequently, the history of the New Party reveals much about both the Labour Party, in terms of its political and social character, and the evolution of British fascism.

1931年，奥斯瓦尔德·莫斯利爵士从拉姆齐·麦克唐纳的工党政府辞职后，在1932年10月成立了英国法西斯联盟（BUF）。莫斯利的目标是，最初，制定一个有效的和立即的反应，以经济危机困扰英国的时间。为此，他希望赢得三个主流政党成员的支持，他认为这三个政党未能适应现代时代的挑战，并希望赢得知识分子、经济学家和新闻界的支持，以宣传一个基于社会主义和凯恩斯主义经济学融合的、致力于“国家利益”的纲领。新党坚持需要进行议会改革来制定这样一项政策，强调一个强有力的行政内阁和有限的议会讨论，提出独裁的指控。传统上，新党被视为工党历史上的一个脚注，或者是莫斯利早期社会主义和后来法西斯主义之间的一个短暂的停止点。然而，最近，莫斯利在1930年至1931年提出的想法被置于更广泛的背景下，并与当时相对动荡的政治经济环境有关。简而言之，莫斯利并不是唯一一个在1931年的不利环境下对议会民主的有效性提出担忧的人;他也不是唯一一个开始构思自由放任资本主义的计划替代品的人。因此，该研究项目探讨了聚集在新党内部和周围的思想和人物的起源，发展和影响。除了莫斯利，约翰·斯特雷奇、西里尔·乔德、约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯、H. G.威尔斯、哈罗德·尼科尔森、奥斯伯特·西特韦尔、哈罗德·麦克米伦、罗瑟米尔勋爵和阿努埃林·贝文加入了莫斯利的圈子，或者在莫斯利的圈子边缘徘徊，这表明新党在文化和政治上的重要性以前被低估了。与此相关，新党的明显失败提出了与历史动荡时期英国政治的过程，结构和性质有关的问题。因此，新党被用来分析方法，以政治组织和传播的政治思想在英国之间的战争。最后，莫斯利最终皈依法西斯主义与他在新党成立和发展之前和之中的经历有很大关系。因此，新党的历史既揭示了工党的政治和社会特征，也揭示了英国法西斯主义的演变。

项目成果

'A Call to Action: New Party Candidates and the 1931 General Election'

“行动呼吁：新党候选人和 1931 年大选”

• 发表时间: 2008
• 期刊: Parliamentary History
• 影响因子: 0.2
• 作者: Matthew Worley

Oswald Mosley and the New Party

奥斯瓦尔德·莫斯利和新党

• 发表时间: 2010
• 作者: Worley Matthew

Perspectives on the New Party

对新党的看法

• 发表时间: 2009
• 作者: Matthew Worley

'Why Fascism? Sir Oswald Mosley and the Conception of the British Union of Fascists'

为什么是法西斯主义？

• 发表时间: 2011
• 期刊: History
• 影响因子: 0.5
• 作者: Matthew Worley