CONSTRUCTION OF A CHIMPANZEE GENETIC MAP FOR CHROMOSOME 20

该子项目是利用NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源的许多研究子项目之一。子项目和研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金，因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为中心机构，不一定是研究者机构。进化是一个基本的生物学过程，我们对它的了解仍然很少，特别是在灵长类动物中。了解重组过程对于人类疾病基因的识别以及更广泛地对人类和灵长类动物的进化推断具有实际重要性。大规模的重组率可以通过比较物理和遗传图谱来估计，虽然我们现在有一个完整的黑猩猩基因组草图，但对这个物种的遗传图谱一无所知。 为了给黑猩猩的一条染色体绘制出第一张遗传图谱，并将其与物理图谱进行比较，我们启动了一个大规模的合作项目，包括来自美国和欧洲的科学家，以及来自主要黑猩猩饲养设施的科学家。我们正在解决一些热门问题，包括：如何重组率变化沿着染色体和男性和女性之间？人类和黑猩猩的死亡率有多相似？ 我们正在对覆盖20号染色体（人类19号染色体）全长的约250个微卫星（或STR，短串联重复序列）进行基因分型。基因分型将在Genetics使用与构建人类遗传图谱相同的微卫星标记进行。大多数设计用于扩增人类STR的引物很可能在黑猩猩中起作用，就像构建狒狒遗传图谱一样。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Recombination is a fundamental biological process about which we still know very little, especially in primates. Understanding the recombination process is of practical importance for the identification of disease genes in humans, as well as for evolutionary inference about humans and primates more generally. Large-scale recombination rates can be estimated by comparing physical and genetic maps, and while we now have a draft of the complete chimpanzee genome, nothing remains known about the genetic map for this species. In an effort to create a first genetic map for one chimpanzee chromosome and compare it to the physical map, we started a large scale collaborative program, involving scientists from the U.S. and Europe, and from the major chimpanzee holding facilities. We are addressing a number of topical questions, including: How do recombination rates vary along the chromosome and between males and females? How similar are rates between humans and chimpanzees? We are genotyping around 250 microsatellites (or STRs, short tandem repeats) covering the entire length of the chromosome 20 (human chromosome 19). Genotyping will be done at PreventionGenetics using the same microsatellite markers that have been used for the construction of the human genetic map. Most of the primers designed to amplify human STRs will likely work in chimpanzee as was the case for the construction of the baboon genetic map.