The Long-Term Effects of Early Social-Emotional Experience

描述（由申请人提供）：我们：提出两项研究，旨在评估在俄罗斯联邦彼得堡孤儿院长大的儿童的早期社会情感经验和人际关系变化对儿童长期发展的影响：除了社会情感发展和儿童关系的建立，这些障碍在大多数护理标准上都是可以接受的，这被广泛认为是通常导致长期发育限制和心理健康问题的主要原因。这些拟议的研究，将能够更好地归因于长期的结果，这些儿童的早期社会情感养育环境比以前的研究。“研究1包括对在只有社会情感环境不足的孤儿院长大的儿童进行的最大规模的跟踪调查，这些儿童随后被收养到高度独立的美国家庭。收养的父母将回答一套全面的问卷，并与父母抚养的样本、部分控制收养经历的收养的美国儿童、收养儿童特有的遗传和围产期特征、控制收养家庭环境的非收养兄弟姐妹进行比较，以及教师对被收养儿童与任意选择的比较儿童的评分，以评估儿童在学校环境中的社会和学习行为，并补充家长评分还将对答复者的偏见进行检查。研究2是唯一一项对研究1中三个相同年龄段的儿童进行随访的研究，但这些儿童接受了旨在改善早期社会情感环境和促进成人与儿童关系的准实验性干预措施。随后，孩子们要么被收养到同样的美国家庭，要么被送回彼得堡的亲生父母身边。这些儿童将受到双重干预（照顾者培训加上孤儿院的结构变化），只接受培训，不接受治疗。将使用与研究1相同的调查问卷组合对父母进行评估，并将他们的回答与相同的对照组进行对比。这项研究测试了早期干预是否对随后在低收入家庭而不是高收入家庭抚养的儿童有更大的相对益处。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We :propose-two studies aimed at assessing the long-term developmental effects of variations in early social- emotional experience and human relationships in children who are reared in orphanages in St. Petersburg, Russian Federation: These orphanages are acceptable on most standards of care except social-emotional development and caregiver-child relationship building, which are widely Relieved to be the major causal components that typically lead to long-term developmental limitations and mental health problems. These proposed studies, will be better able to attribute long-term outcomes to the early social-emotional rearing environment of these children than previous studies. ' Study 1 consists of the largest follow-up of children reared in orphanages that are deficient only with respect to their social-emotional environment who are then adopted into highly advantaged USA homes. Adoptive parents will respond to a comprehensive set of questionnaires, and responses compared to parent- reared samples, adopted American children that partially controls for the experience.of adoption and genetic and perinatal characteristics unique to adopted children, non-adopted siblings that control for the adoptive family environments, and teacher ratings of the adopted child versus an arbitrarily selected comparison child to provide an assessment of the social and academic behavior of children in the school context and to complement parental ratings. A check on respondent bias will also be made. Study 2 is the only study to follow up children from three of the same orphanages in Study 1 but who were exposed to quasi-experimental interventions designed to improve the early social-emotional environment and promote adult-child relationships. Children are subsequently either adopted into the same highly-advantaged USA homes or returned to their less-advantaged biological parents in St. Petersburg. These children will have been exposed to either a double intervention (caregiver training plus structural changes in the orphanage), training only, and no treatment. Parents will be assessed with the same questionnaire battery and their responses contrasted with the same comparison groups as Study 1. This study tests whether the early interventions have greater relative benefit for children subsequently reared in less- rather than more-advantaged families.