Alcohol Phenotype Development in American Samoa

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DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The major purpose of this Exploratory/Developmental proposal is to lay the groundwork for a study of the genetics of alcohol dependence in Samoans. The indigenous Polynesians of American Samoa constitute an isolated population that have a high prevalence of obesity and related illnesses, such as diabetes. Ongoing research conducted by one of us (STM) in collaboration with the assistance of local Samoan health officials, is attempting to identify behavioral and genetic factors associated with these problems. DNA and obesity phenotype information has been collected on more than 1100 individuals. There are many commonalities in the neurobiological control of behaviors associated with food consumption and alcohol consumption. Our preliminary research suggests that heavy alcohol use and alcohol use disorders are present in Samoans at a high prevalence. However, little information is available about alcohol diagnoses, quantity and frequency of alcohol drinking, and the presence of alcohol-related traits, behaviors and consequences in this population. The specific aims are to develop assessment methodology to identify alcohol-related diagnoses, traits and behaviors which may be representative of alcohol-related endophenotypes in Samoans. Alcohol diagnoses will be defined according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, using the Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism (SSADDA). Alcohol-related traits, such as drunkenness, family history of substance use disorders, craving, and drinking patterns, etc. will be assessed with additional questionnaires, including the Family History Assessment Module, the Self-rating of the Effects of Alcohol Scale, and the Food Craving Inventory that will be adapted for use in this population by a formal qualitative and quantative development process. Assessments will be translated into the Samoan language, will utilize culturally appropriate procedures and will be administered by trained interviewers. We will also utilize behavioral testing to assess the potential endophenotypes of sweet preference, risk taking, and cue-induced alcohol craving in the participants.