A genetic system to study resistance to the soil-borne pathogen Verticillium dahliae in strawberry

研究草莓对土传病原体大丽黄萎病的抗性的遗传系统

• 批准号: BB/E007074/1
• 负责人: David Simpson
• 金额: $ 76.53万
• 依托单位: East Malling Research (United Kingdom)
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2007 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FE007074%2F1
• 关键词: genetic; system; study; resistance; soil

Strawberries are an important UK crop with retail sales of £347M in 2005 and rapid growth in supermarket sales over the last five years. UK growers supply the market from May to October and they are innovative and progressive but face challenges from disease problems. The most widespread soil borne disease of strawberries is caused by Verticillium dahliae and until recently this was controlled by fumigating the soil with methyl bromide. In the EU this chemical has been prohibited for this use since 2005 and alternative soil sterilants are less effective. The best option would be to grow cultivars resistant to V. dahliae but these are limited in number and many are either not adapted in the UK or do not have the fruit characteristics required by the market. Resistance to V. dahliae is a priority for strawberry breeding at EMR but, as with other programmes around the world, the strategy used is empirical and relies on screening based on symptom expression in field or pot tests. This project would employ modern molecular biology techniques to provide breeders with improved precision and effectiveness in developing resistant strawberry cultivars. In the cultivated strawberry resistance to V. dahliae shows quantitative inheritance but quantification is difficult based purely on symptom expression. This project will employ real time PCR to measure the extent of pathogen colonisation within the plant and this will be correlated to symptoms expressed. This approach will be valuable not only because of improved precision but also it will distinguish between different types of resistance. It is likely that some strawberry cultivars that show only mild symptoms when challenged with V. dahliae are able to resist invasion by the pathogen, whereas others may be tolerant of extensive pathogen colonisation. Using real time PCR to distinguish these two types of resistance would be valuable to breeders and provide the opportunity to combine them in a single genotype. The cultivated strawberry Fragaria x ananassa is octoploid and thus difficult for genetic studies. There are over ten wild diploid strawberries closely related to the cultivated type and these make an ideal model for genetic and genomic research. Following earlier work funded by BBSRC, and subsequently Defra, EMR has developed a genetic map, based on a cross between two diploid species, which has been adopted as the international reference map for Fragaria. Building on this, a collection of diploid species accessions will be screened for resistance to V. dahliae and the appropriate crosses made to produce one or more diploid populations segregating for resistance. The resistance loci will be mapped and their position related to the diploid reference map, so that closely linked transferable molecular markers can be identified. Concurrently, a cross using the cultivated strawberry will produce a progeny segregating for resistance to V. dahliae and this will be mapped using AFLP markers. Markers for resistance identified on the diploid maps will then be transferred to the octoploid map to determine their usefulness for marker assisted selection (MAS) in strawberry breeding. In addition to identifying markers closely linked to resistance loci, candidate resistance genes will be identified and sequenced. Genes that are expressed when strawberry plants are challenged with V. dahliae will be investigated using differential display and compared to known resistance genes from Solanaceous species, such as tomato, along with other Rosaceous fruit crops and Arabidopsis thaliana. Sequence data for promising candidate genes will then be used to map their position on diploid and octoploid Fragaria linkage maps and determine their correlation with loci involved in resistance to V. dahliae. The combination of these approaches will result in molecular tools for plant breeders to improve the efficiency of breeding strawberries resistant to V. dahliae.

草莓是英国重要的农作物，2005年零售额为3.47亿英镑，过去五年超市销售额快速增长。英国种植者从5月到10月供应市场，他们是创新和进步的，但面临着疾病问题的挑战。草莓最普遍的土传疾病是由大丽轮枝菌引起的，直到最近，这是通过用溴甲烷熏蒸土壤来控制的。在欧盟，自2005年以来，该化学品已被禁止用于此用途，替代土壤消毒剂的效果较差。最好的选择是种植抗大丽轮枝菌的品种，但这些品种数量有限，许多品种要么在英国不适应，要么不具备市场所需的果实特性。对大丽轮枝菌的抗性是EMR草莓育种的优先事项，但与世界各地的其他方案一样，所使用的策略是经验性的，依赖于基于田间或盆栽试验中症状表现的筛选。该项目将采用现代分子生物学技术，为育种者提供更高的精确度和有效性，以培育抗性草莓品种。在栽培草莓中，对大丽轮枝菌的抗性显示出数量遗传，但纯粹基于症状表达难以量化。该项目将采用真实的时间PCR来测量植物内病原体定殖的程度，这将与所表达的症状相关。这种方法将是有价值的，不仅因为提高精度，而且它将区分不同类型的阻力。这是可能的，一些草莓品种，只有轻微的症状时，挑战与V.大丽花能够抵抗入侵的病原体，而其他可能是宽容的广泛的病原体定殖。使用真实的时间PCR来区分这两种类型的抗性将对育种者有价值，并提供将它们联合收割机组合成单一基因型的机会。栽培草莓草莓是二倍体，遗传研究困难。野生二倍体草莓与栽培型草莓亲缘关系较近的有10余种，是遗传和基因组研究的理想模式。在BBSRC和Defra资助的早期工作之后，EMR基于两个二倍体物种之间的杂交开发了一个遗传图谱，该图谱已被采纳为草莓属的国际参考图谱。在此基础上，将筛选一批二倍体物种加入物对大丽轮枝菌的抗性，并进行适当的杂交以产生一个或多个分离抗性的二倍体群体。将绘制抗性基因座，并将其位置与二倍体参考图谱相关，以便可以鉴定紧密连锁的可转移分子标记。同时，使用栽培草莓的杂交将产生对大丽轮枝病的抗性分离的后代，这将使用AFLP标记进行定位。然后将在二倍体图谱上鉴定的抗性标记转移到二倍体图谱上，以确定它们在草莓育种中标记辅助选择（MAS）的有用性。除了鉴定与抗性基因座紧密连锁的标记外，还将鉴定候选抗性基因并测序。将使用差异显示研究草莓植物受到大丽轮枝菌攻击时表达的基因，并将其与来自茄科物种（例如番茄）的已知抗性基因、沿着其他蔷薇科水果作物和拟南芥进行比较。有希望的候选基因的序列数据，然后将被用来映射其在二倍体和二倍体草莓连锁图谱的位置，并确定其与涉及的抗性大丽轮枝菌的基因座的相关性。这些方法的结合将为植物育种者提供分子工具，以提高草莓抗大丽轮枝菌育种的效率。

项目成果

Simple Sequence Repeat Marker Development and Mapping Targeted to Previously Unmapped Regions of the Strawberry Genome Sequence

• DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2011.05.0014
• 发表时间: 2011-11-01
• 期刊: PLANT GENOME
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: Sargent, Daniel J.;Kuchta, Paulina;Simpson, David W.
• 通讯作者: Simpson, David W.

Mapping QTL associated with Verticillium dahliae resistance in the cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa).

• DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2015.9
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Horticulture research
• 影响因子: 8.7
• 作者: Antanaviciute L;Šurbanovski N;Harrison N;McLeary KJ;Simpson DW;Wilson F;Sargent DJ;Harrison RJ
• 通讯作者: Harrison RJ

An autotetraploid linkage map of rose (Rosa hybrida) validated using the strawberry (Fragaria vesca) genome sequence.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020463
• 发表时间: 2011
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Gar O;Sargent DJ;Tsai CJ;Pleban T;Shalev G;Byrne DH;Zamir D
• 通讯作者: Zamir D

Image-based Phenotyping and Disease Screening of Multiple Populations for resistance to Verticillium dahliae in cultivated strawberry Fragaria x ananassa

• DOI: 10.1101/497107
• 发表时间: 2018-12
• 期刊: bioRxiv
• 作者: H. Cockerton;B. Li;R. Vickerstaff;C. Eyre;D. Sargent;A. Armitage;César Marina-Montes;A. Garcia-