权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Pre-Breeding at NIAB - Ppd alleles and markers QTL for earliness per se and novel variation from synthetic wheat useful to UK/EU wheat improvement

NIAB 的预育种 - Ppd 等位基因和标记 QTL 本身的早熟性以及合成小麦的新变异可用于英国/欧盟小麦改良

基本信息

批准号：
BB/E007295/1
负责人：
David Laurie
金额：
$ 5.31万
依托单位：
John Innes Centre
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2007 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FE007295%2F1
关键词：
Pre Breeding NIAB Ppd alleles

项目摘要

For the future, plant-based processes offer sustainable solutions to many of the nutrional, health and environmental challenges that face humankind. The UK has an extremely strong and vibrant plant science research community with many internationally competitive research groups based in the universities and institutes. Whilst their discoveries have the potential to impact on the key sustainability issues such as the supply of high quality nutritious food, response to climate change and identifying sources of bioenergy, it is evident that translation to successful outcomes suffers from the lack of an effective delivery mechanism to end users. It is against this backdrop that NIAB is investing £1.25 million over 5 years to establish a Centre for Pre-Breeding that will provide a product conferring capability available to all UK researchers and end-users. The Centre will develop a unique platform for delivery of novel traits and associated marker technologies in wheat, oilseed rape, pulses and selected non-food crop applications. Trait genes and markers will be validated in pre-competitive, UK adapted germplasm that can be accessed by commercial breeders and end-users in the non-food area. The Centre will not produce finished varieties and hence won't compete with commercial breeders. NIAB's investment will be used to establish infrastructure and initiate longer-term pre-breeding activities. Funding from this initiative is sought to support pre-breeding in two key areas that address key targets in sustainability of the wheat crop in the UK. Firstly, we will exemplify the translation of a research breakthrough in publicly funded science to practical outcome. The wheat gene Ppd uses day length as a cue to determine when the plant flowers. It is a key adaptability gene; breeders can use variants of the gene to produce varieties that match local environments. An early flowering variety is better suited to hot dry summers where it is important to fill grain before water is scarce and temperatures soar. Conversely a delay in flowering sustains yield in cooler and wetter summers, such as those generally experienced in the UK, with a longer period suitable for grain filling. The Laurie group at the John Innes Centre has recently identified three Ppd genes in wheat. In the research proposed here, we will provide the molecular markers for these genes and important new data on their developmental effects. Importantly, there is more to this work than simply accelerating the breeding process; new Ppd variants and flowering time genes will be identified and characterised. This novel variation will be fundamental in providing alternatives genes that breeders can exploit to tune flowering in varieties in response to global warming and climate change. Secondly, we will establish a platform for introducing novel variation across a range of wheat traits based on exploitation of a collection of synthetic wheats from the International Centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT) in Mexico. The conventional view is that the genetic base for wheat improvement in the UK and Europe is very narrow. Synthetic wheats address this issue as they recreate the rare hybridisations that gave rise to the progenitors of our modern bread wheats but dramatically increase genetic diversity by using a range of parents. NIAB will initiate a crossing programme with selected synthetic wheats and varieties from CIMMYT that have a synthetic origin. The objective is to deliver pr-breeding materials to commercial breeders that provide novel traits in key sustainability targets such as novel pathogen and insect pest resistance, biomass and yield potential and tolerance to drought. This work will be undertaken in close collaboration with UK industry facilitated by the British Wheat Breeders and the HGCA and represents the open 'public-private partnership' that will define how the pre-breeding Centre at NIAB operates across all crop targets.

未来，植物性工艺为人类面临的许多营养、健康和环境挑战提供了可持续的解决方案。英国拥有一个非常强大和充满活力的植物科学研究社区，在大学和研究所拥有许多具有国际竞争力的研究小组。虽然他们的发现有可能对关键的可持续性问题产生影响，例如高质量营养食品的供应，应对气候变化和确定生物能源的来源，但很明显，转化为成功的成果受到缺乏有效的最终用户交付机制的影响。正是在这种背景下，NIAB将在5年内投资125万英镑建立一个预育种中心，为所有英国研究人员和最终用户提供产品授予能力。该中心将开发一个独特的平台，用于提供小麦、油菜、豆类和某些非粮食作物应用中的新性状和相关标记技术。性状基因和标记将在竞争前，英国适应种质，可以获得商业育种和最终用户在非食品领域进行验证。该中心不会生产成品品种，因此不会与商业育种者竞争。NIAB的投资将用于建立基础设施和启动长期的预育种活动。该倡议的资金旨在支持两个关键领域的预育种，以解决英国小麦作物可持续性的关键目标。首先，我们将把公共资助科学的研究突破转化为实际成果。小麦基因Ppd利用白天的长度作为线索来确定植物何时开花。它是一个关键的适应性基因;育种者可以利用该基因的变体来生产与当地环境相匹配的品种。早花品种更适合炎热干燥的夏季，在那里重要的是在缺水和气温飙升之前装满谷物。相反，延迟开花在凉爽和潮湿的夏天维持产量，例如英国通常经历的那些，有更长的时间适合灌浆。约翰英尼斯中心的劳里小组最近在小麦中发现了三个Ppd基因。本研究将为这些基因的分子标记及其发育效应提供重要的新数据。重要的是，这项工作不仅仅是加速育种过程;新的Ppd变体和开花时间基因将被识别和表征。这种新的变异将是提供替代基因的基础，育种者可以利用这些替代基因来调整品种的开花以应对全球变暖和气候变化。其次，我们将建立一个平台，在墨西哥国际玉米和小麦改良中心（CIMMYT）的一系列合成小麦的基础上，在一系列小麦性状中引入新的变异。传统观点认为，英国和欧洲小麦改良的遗传基础非常狭窄。合成小麦解决了这个问题，因为它们重现了罕见的杂交，这种杂交产生了我们现代面包小麦的祖先，但通过使用一系列亲本，大大增加了遗传多样性。NIAB将启动一项与CIMMYT的一些合成小麦和品种进行杂交的计划。其目标是向商业育种者提供预育种材料，这些材料在关键的可持续性目标中提供新的性状，例如新的病原体和虫害抗性，生物量和产量潜力以及耐旱性。这项工作将在英国小麦育种者和HGCA的推动下与英国工业密切合作，并代表开放的“公私合作伙伴关系”，这将定义NIAB的预育种中心如何在所有作物目标中运作。