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The molecular basis of quantitative variation in photoperiod response

光周期响应定量变化的分子基础

基本信息

批准号：
BB/F014031/1
负责人：
David Laurie
金额：
$ 69.04万
依托单位：
John Innes Centre
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2008 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FF014031%2F1
关键词：
molecular basis quantitative variation photoperiod

项目摘要

Plants need to flower when the chances of successful pollination and seed development are highest. To achieve this, most plants flower at a specific time of year. Timing is often achieved by using cues from the environment, particularly temperature and day length (photoperiod). Cereal crops use these cues but the way they use them has been changed by domestication and plant breeding in order to develop varieties that perform well in the diverse farming environments that occur around the world. We know that wheat varieties from different parts of the World, and even from different parts of Europe, differ in how they respond to photoperiod. We have recently made a breakthrough in understanding how they do this by identifying a key gene. In this grant we will study how this gene works and how differences at the DNA level translate into differences in the way the whole plant grows. The photoperiod (Ppd) gene is a member of a family called the pseudo-response regulators. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) these genes have been show to be part of, or closely associated with, the circadian clock which is the internal time keeper that is used to measure day length and to control much of the plant's metabolism. Fortunately, many of the other genes that are used to control flowering by day length (the photoperiod pathway) are well conserved in different plant species. This means that we can use information from Arabidopsis to identify the components of the photoperiod pathway in wheat. By studying the photoperiod gene and the other components of the photoperiod pathway we will be able to understand how photoperiod response is altered in wheat. Bread wheat is a hexaploid plant, which means it is a natural hybrid comprising the genomes of three diploid ancestor species. Each of the three genomes can contribute flowering time variation and an important question is how the genes on the three genomes are integrated and regulated. We can now cross-pollinate plants to build up single, double and triple combinations of early or late flowering variants. Understanding how these behave will give valuable new insights into the control of flowering in wheat and this will allow plant breeders can select a range of adaptation suitable for diverse environments. Understanding how genes work in combination is also of relevance to other wheat traits apart from flowering. To explore ideas about how the photoperiod genes work we will test different versions of the genes using transformed barley plants. This provides a simple test system to investigate which regions of the gene are most important. Understanding how crops respond to environmental cues like day length is important because it will allow plant breeders to tailor varieties to particular environments and hence to maximize productivity. It will also assist the development of new varieties tailored to new conditions that are arising from climate change.

植物需要在成功授粉和种子发育的机会最高的时候开花。为了达到这个目的，大多数植物在一年中的特定时间开花。时间通常是通过使用环境的线索来实现的，特别是温度和白天的长度（光周期）。谷类作物利用这些线索，但它们利用这些线索的方式已被驯化和植物育种所改变，以便开发出在世界各地不同农业环境中表现良好的品种。我们知道，来自世界不同地区的小麦品种，甚至来自欧洲不同地区的小麦品种，对光周期的反应也不同。最近，我们通过识别一个关键基因，在了解它们是如何做到这一点方面取得了突破。在这项资助中，我们将研究这个基因是如何工作的，以及DNA水平的差异如何转化为整个植物生长方式的差异。光周期（Ppd）基因是一个被称为假反应调节因子的家族成员。在模式植物拟南芥（塔勒水芹）中，这些基因已被证明是生物钟的一部分，或与生物钟密切相关，生物钟是用于测量白天长度和控制植物代谢的内部计时器。幸运的是，许多其他用于控制日照长度（光周期途径）的基因在不同的植物物种中都很保守。这意味着我们可以利用拟南芥的信息来识别小麦光周期途径的组成部分。通过研究光周期基因和光周期途径的其他组成部分，我们将能够了解小麦光周期反应是如何改变的。面包小麦是一种六倍体植物，这意味着它是由三个二倍体祖先物种的基因组组成的天然杂种。三个基因组中的每一个都可以贡献开花时间的变化，一个重要的问题是三个基因组上的基因是如何整合和调控的。我们现在可以异花授粉植物建立单，双和三个组合的早期或晚期开花的变种。了解这些行为将为控制小麦开花提供有价值的新见解，这将使植物育种者能够选择一系列适合不同环境的适应性。了解基因是如何组合工作的，也与除了开花之外的其他小麦性状有关。为了探索光周期基因如何工作的想法，我们将使用转化的大麦植物测试不同版本的基因。这提供了一个简单的测试系统来研究基因的哪些区域是最重要的。了解作物如何对日照长度等环境因素做出反应是很重要的，因为这将使植物育种者能够根据特定环境调整品种，从而最大限度地提高产量。它还将协助开发适应气候变化所产生的新条件的新品种。