Influence of Fitness on Brain and Cognition

本提案考察有氧健身训练对人的认知、脑结构、脑 老年人的功能。我们的研究是由健身训练对人的激励作用而引起的 认知（Cotcombe &克雷默，2003）和最近的人脑结构和功能（Colcombe et 例如，2003，in press）.这些效应之所以引起人们极大的兴趣，是因为它们告诉我们认知的本质， 和大脑老化以及它们对公共健康的影响。我们研究的主要具体目标包括： ）为了验证老年人有氧健身的改善将导致改善的假设， ）对各种认知过程进行研究，更具体地说，是那些得到支持的过程， 在很大程度上，是由大脑的额叶区域。 2)为了验证增强有氧运动对认知过程的改善这一假设， 从功能性磁共振成像的模式中可以推断， 在3特斯拉扫描仪中获得的激活。我们假设功能磁共振成像激活模式的变化 有氧适应性改善所产生的结果将接近年轻人所表现出的那些激活模式， 成年人了 3)为了验证这一假设，即在1年的干预过程中，有氧健身的改善将 导致人脑区域中灰色和白色物质体积的增加（即主要是额叶， 内侧颞叶和顶叶），以前已被证明显示保留在横截面 问题研究 4)为了验证胰岛素样生长因子I（IGF 1）水平升高和胰岛素样生长因子I（IGF 1）水平降低的假设， 炎症标志物（即C-反应蛋白和白细胞介素-6）由有氧运动的改善引起。 健身将缓和在认知、大脑功能和结构方面观察到的健身益处。

This proposal examines the effect of aerobic fitness training on human cognition, brain structure, and brain function of older adults. Our study is prompted by the encouraging effects of fitness training on human cognition (Cotcombe & Kramer, 2003) and more recently human brain structure and function (Colcombe et al., 2003, in press). Such effects are of great interest both for what they tell us about the nature of cognitive and brain aging and also for their public health implications. The main specific aims of our studies include: ) To test the hypothesis that improvements in aerobic fitness of older adults will lead to improved )erformance on a variety of cognitive processes, and more specifically those processes that are supported, n large part, by frontal regions of the brain. 2) To test the hypothesis that the improvements in cognitive processes engendered by enhanced aerobic fitness will be supported by changes in underlying neural circuits, as inferred from patterns of fMRI activation obtained in a 3 tesla scanner. We hypothesize that the changes in the patterns of fMRI activation that result from improvements in aerobic fitness will approach those activation patterns exhibited by young adults. 3) To test the hypothesis that improvements in aerobic fitness, over the course of a 1 year intervention, will result in increases in gray and white matter volume in regions of the human brain (i.e. primarily frontal, medial temporal and parietal) that have previously been demonstrated to show sparing in cross-sectional studies. 4) To test the hypothesis that increased levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1) and decreases in markers of inflammation (i.e. C-reactive protein & interleukin-6)engendered by improvements in aerobic fitness will moderate the fitness benefits observed on measures of cognition, brain function and structure.