Unravelling the molecular genetic basis of Striga resistance in cereals: integrating Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) and genomic approaches

揭示谷物中独脚金抗性的分子遗传基础：整合数量性状基因座（QTL）和基因组方法

• 批准号: BB/F004303/1
• 负责人: Julie Scholes
• 金额: $ 75.71万
• 依托单位: University of Sheffield
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2008 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FF004303%2F1
• 关键词: Unravelling; molecular; genetic; basis; Striga

Rice and sorghum are two of the major staple foods for millions of people in sub Saharan Africa (SSA) and the semi-arid tropics yet a major constraint to crop production and yield improvement is the parasitic weed Striga. This parasite attaches to the roots of the host plant causing severe stunting and loss of grain yield. Currently Striga species infest over 40% of the cereal producing areas of SSA; their effects are greatest on infertile soils and those most severely affected are the poorest subsistence farmers upon whom the weed exerts major impacts on poverty and health. At present the most commonly used strategies for alleviating the impact of this parasite include hand weeding, improving soil fertility and the use of 'tolerant' cultivars (which produce some grain even when infected), however success has been limited. While combining several control measures is likely to be necessary for control of Striga, crop losses due to the parasite could be reduced significantly through introducing host resistance genes into the most commonly used cultivars. However, the use of resistant cultivars is limited by a lack of resistant material and by a lack of understanding of the molecular genetic nature of host resistance to Striga. Over the last 5 years we have carried out an extensive screening programme in rice and have identified cultivars that show good post-attachment resistance to S. hermonthica. The discovery of resistance in rice to Striga is of great significance as it is currently the best 'model' cereal for molecular genetic studies as the genome of this crop plant has been sequenced. In this programme we propose to take an integrative approach to identify and investigate the molecular genetic nature of resistance to Striga in rice by combining our extensive knowledge of Striga-host interactions, our novel plant growth systems and modern genomic and comparative genomic techniques. We will then use information gained from rice to determine the extent to which similar resistance occurs in sorghum. Not only will the project enhance our fundamental understanding of the molecular genetic nature of resistance to Striga but it will contribute to more efficient breeding methods for Striga resistance that could be used in regional and national breeding programmes in Africa for rice and sorghum improvement. The improvement of varieties which stabilize yields and their adoption by subsistence farmers is critical for enhanced food security and poverty reduction in West and sub Saharan Africa in the long term.

水稻和高粱是撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）和半干旱热带地区数百万人的两种主要主食，但制约作物生产和产量提高的主要因素是寄生杂草斯特里加。这种寄生虫附着在寄主植物的根部，造成严重的发育迟缓和粮食产量的损失。目前，南非40%以上的谷物产区都有斯特里加菌的侵扰；它们对贫瘠土壤的影响最大，受影响最严重的是最贫穷的自给农民，杂草对他们的贫困和健康产生重大影响。目前最常用的减轻这种寄生虫影响的策略包括手工除草、提高土壤肥力和使用“耐受”的品种（即使在感染时也能生产一些谷物），然而成功是有限的。虽然控制Striga可能需要结合几种控制措施，但通过在最常用的品种中引入宿主抗性基因，可以显著减少该寄生虫造成的作物损失。然而，抗性品种的使用受到缺乏抗性材料和缺乏对宿主对斯特里加抗性的分子遗传性质的了解的限制。在过去的5年里，我们在水稻中进行了广泛的筛选，并鉴定出了对月季稻具有良好附着后抗性的品种。水稻对Striga的抗性的发现具有重要意义，因为它是目前分子遗传学研究的最佳“模型”谷物，因为这种作物的基因组已经测序。在这个项目中，我们建议采用一种综合的方法，通过结合我们对Striga-寄主相互作用的广泛知识，我们的新型植物生长系统和现代基因组学和比较基因组学技术，来鉴定和研究水稻对Striga抗性的分子遗传性质。然后，我们将利用从水稻中获得的信息来确定高粱中出现类似抗性的程度。该项目不仅将增强我们对斯特里加病毒抗性分子遗传性质的基本理解，而且还将有助于开发更有效的斯特里加病毒抗性育种方法，这些方法可用于非洲水稻和高粱改良的区域和国家育种计划。从长远来看，改善稳定产量的品种并为自给自足的农民所采用，对于加强西部和撒哈拉以南非洲的粮食安全和减贫至关重要。

项目成果

Striga parasitizes transgenic hairy roots of Zea mays and provides a tool for studying plant-plant interactions.

• DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-8-20
• 发表时间: 2012-06-21
• 期刊: Plant methods
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: Runo S;Macharia S;Alakonya A;Machuka J;Sinha N;Scholes J
• 通讯作者: Scholes J

Do NERICA rice cultivars express resistance to Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. and Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze under field conditions?

• DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2014.10.010
• 发表时间: 2015-01
• 期刊: FIELD CROPS RESEARCH
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: Rodenburg, Jonne;Cissoko, Mamadou;Kayeke, Juma;Dieng, Ibnou;Khan, Zeyaur R.;Midega, Charles A. O.;Onyuka, Enos A.;Scholes, Julie D.
• 通讯作者: Scholes, Julie D.