Design, Implementation and Adaptation of Sensor Networks through Multi-dimensional Co-design

传感器网络在大规模系统监控中变得越来越普遍;这种传感系统的例子包括城市污染（环境），通信网络服务质量（工业）和汽车（运输）。由部署的传感器产生的数据被监测用于与正常操作一致的被感测系统的行为;该数据还可以用于驱动被感测系统的闭环控制（自主管理）。传感器可以产生大量的数据;在许多情况下，保存数据以供后续检索是必不可少的。创建一个有效的传感系统需要来自许多不同学科的技能;特别重要的是最佳利用跨硬件/软件边界的协同效应。这种系统的集成设计必须弥合这些不同学科之间的语义差距，并处理在恶劣环境中固有的复杂性/例如，高预期的故障，复杂的统计，不好理解的机制。基于传感器的应用系统必须解决几个领域的关注（功能）在他们的设计：应用，通信网络，监控和控制，数据管理。对于无线传感器网络，网络功能被进一步分解为通信协议和无线电能力/特征。通常，这样的系统正交地解决这些功能中的每一个，结果是通过协同设计获得的任何潜在的协同作用都没有实现。然后，设计人员被迫采用一次性的、临时的设计更改来定制稀缺的资源消耗（例如电池电量）和关键的部署要求（例如可维护性、组件的重用）。这是我们的主张，可以通过跨多个维度/功能的协同设计来实现实质性的协同作用，结果是这样设计的系统能够更好地满足其功能和非功能需求。我们建议正交地指定每个关注领域中特定传感器系统的要求，但是随后使用协同设计原理来产生实现实质协同并更好地反映被感测系统的底层物理环境的集成设计和实现。这项工作将扩展到多个领域的关注，通过应用现有的技术，如面向方面的设计方法，硬件/软件协同设计的概念，在这些关注领域的每一个特定的传感器系统的要求指定使用正交技术。然后，通过将各个组件与适当的硬件/软件粘合剂编织在一起来实现系统设计，以实现必要的集成。该软件/固件生成阶段将针对所需系统的适当实用功能进行优化。为了实现最大程度的协同作用，很可能需要进行反复的规格说明/整合。每个关注领域的形式化和用于指定每个关注领域的语言的定义，用于将这些规范编织成满足系统的功能和质量要求的最佳协同设计的处理器，对所得到的系统满足系统要求的形式化验证，一个原型传感器系统的实施平台，这样设计，和两个原型系统使用这些技术构建。

Sensor networks are becoming increasingly prevalent in large-scale system monitoring; examples of such sensed systems include city pollution (envi-ronmental), communication network quality of service (industrial), and automotive (transportation). The data produced by the deployed sensors is monitored for behavior of the sensed system that is consistent with normal operation; the data can also be used to drive closed-loop control of the sensed system (autonomic management). The sensors can produce large volumes of data; in many contexts, it is essential to save the data for subsequent retrieval.Creating an effective sensing system requires skills from many disparate disciplines; of particular importance is optimal exploitation of synergies avail-able across the hardware/software boundary. Integrated design of such systems must bridge the semantic gaps between these disparate disciplines and deal with the complexities inherent in hostile environments / e.g. high expectation of failure, complex statistics, poorly-understood mechanisms.Sensor-based application systems must address several areas of concern (functionalities) in their design: application, communication network, moni-toring and control, and data management. For wireless sensor networks, the network functionality is further broken down into communication proto-cols and radio capabilities/characteristics.Usually such systems address each of these functionalities orthogonally, with the result that any potential synergies available through co-design are not achieved. Designers are then forced to employ one-off, ad hoc, design changes to customize for scarce resource consumption (e.g. battery power) and critical deployment requirements (e.g. maintainability, reuse of components). It is our assertion that substantial synergy can be achieved through co-design across the multiple dimensions/functionalities, with the result that systems so designed are better able to meet their functional and non-functional requirements.We propose to specify the requirements for a particular sensor system in each of these areas of concern orthogonally, but to then use co-design principles for producing integrated designs and implementations that achieve substantial synergy and better reflect the underlying physical environment of the sensed system. This work will extend the notion of hardware/software co-design into multiple areas of concern through application of existing techniques, such as aspect-oriented design methods.The requirements for a particular sensor system in each of these areas of concern are specified using orthogonal techniques. The system design is then achieved by weaving together the individual components with appropriate hardware/software glue to achieve the requisite integration. This soft-ware/firmware generation phase will be optimized with respect to an appropriate utility function for the desired system. Iterative specification/integration will most likely be required to achieve maximum synergy.The work packages of the project will address: formalization of each area of concern and definition of languages for specifying each area of concern, a processor for weaving these specifications into an optimal co-design meeting the functional and quality requirements of the system, formal verification that the resulting system meets the system requirements, an implementation platform for prototyping sensor systems so designed, and two prototype systems constructed using these techniques.