TRAffic Modelling for Sensor Network Optimisation and Development (TRAMSNOD)

无线传感器网络由数百甚至数千个微小的传感器节点组成，这些节点通过无线电相互通信，收集温度、压力或湿度等信息。这项建议旨在开发此类网络中的数据流量的有用模型，以统计方式描述信息如何通过节点网络传输。在某些情况下，这些模型将基于对真实试验台和网络部署的流量测量的访问，而在另一些情况下，则基于第一原理的计算。除了使用大量模拟研究文献的结果外，该项目还将利用已经在进行的项目的数据，即DTI资助的SECOAS项目，以及EPSRC资助的Prosen和MC-DIAS项目。该项目的所有三个学术合作伙伴都已经在致力于这些项目。基于这些流量模型，我们将评估、优化和改进特定的现有协议，使其适合我们选定的应用。只要有可能，我们的发现将在现场试验中得到验证。无线传感器网络的协议已经得到了很好的研究；然而，对它们产生的流量进行建模是一个重要的、几乎没有触及的主题，这将促进更知情的方法来设计、建模、修改和部署协议。例如，无线传感器网络流量的模型将从根本上不同于互联网流量的模型。如果做出适当的假设，我们的一些新的流量模型可能会服从解析解。这些流量模型将有两个不同的信息来源：1.我们将从现有的现场测试和测试台收集无线传感器流量的痕迹。我们将从项目合作伙伴参与的其他项目中获得这些信息。我们将从基本原则出发，通过生成传感器节点在给定应用程序中生成的数据量的统计描述来进行工作，这将在整个过程中称为流量源统计。通过对网络布局和聚合策略进行假设，我们将能够产生流量行为模型，然后将其与上述测量结果进行比较。我们产生的模型将导致开发新的模拟传感器网络流量的方法。例如，使用我们的流量模型，传感器节点可以被编程为模拟来自一大组节点的流量。通过这种方式，只需使用一定数量的节点即可模拟大型传感器网络，其中许多节点模拟的是更大网络的一部分。因此，使用更少的设备可以比其他方式更快地获得有用的性能信息。这一概念将作为我们工作的一部分进行调查和制定。此外，我们作为本活动的一部分开发的仿真软件有可能提供给正在研究此主题的其他小组。我们还将集成项目早期的软件开发，并将其部署在真实世界的试验中。提交人参与了SECOAS、PROSEN和MC-DIAS，这意味着可以进入实验场景，从而能够研究协议性能并分析环境、电力、水和电信等应用领域的结果(见《英国电信支持函》)。将与这些方案和试验建立关系，这些方案和试验将允许将新的协议战略与其扩展的活动方案相结合，例如位于TUV NEL有限公司的风电场试验场。主要目标将是展示了解应用和由此产生的交通状况以及对支持该应用的协议的适当分析的好处。

Wireless sensor networks consist of hundreds or even thousands of tiny sensor nodes, which communicate with each other via radio, and gather information about, for example, temperature, pressure, or humidity. This proposal aims to develop useful models of the data traffic in such networks, describing in a statistical manner how information travels through the network of nodes. These models will be based in some cases, upon access to traffic measurements from real test-beds and network deployments and, in others, upon calculations from first principles. Besides using results from the extensive literature of simulation studies, this project will leverage data from projects that are already in progress, namely the DTI-funded project SECOAS, and the EPSRC-funded projects PROSEN and MC-DIAS. All three academic partners in the project are already working on these projects. Based upon these traffic models, we will assess, optimise and improve specific existing protocols, to make them suitable for our selected applications. Wherever possible, our findings will be validated in field trials.Protocols for wireless sensor networks are already well under investigation; however modelling of the traffic they generate is an important and virtually untouched topic, which will facilitate a much more informed approach to protocol design, modelling, modification and deployment. For example, models for wireless sensor network traffic will differ fundamentally from those for Internet traffic. Some of our new traffic models may be amenable to analytical solutions, if suitable assumptions are made.There will be two distinct sources of information for these traffic models:1. We will gather traces of wireless sensor traffic from existing field trials and test-beds. These will be made available to us from other projects that the project partners are involved in.2. We will work from first principles, by producing a statistical description of how much data a sensor node generates in a given application, which will be referred to as traffic source statistics throughout. By making assumptions about, for example, network layout and aggregation strategy, we will be able to produce models of traffic behaviour, which can then be compared with the measurements described above.The models we produce will lead to the development of new ways of emulating sensor network traffic. For example, using our traffic models, a sensor node could be programmed to mimic traffic from a large group of nodes. In this way, large sensor networks could be emulated using only a modest number of nodes, many of which are emulating part of a much larger network. It will hence be possible to obtain useful performance information more quickly than otherwise, using less equipment. This concept will be investigated and developed as part of our work. Moreover, there is the potential to make the emulation software we develop as part of this activity available to other groups that are researching this topic.We will also integrate the software development from earlier in the project, and deploy it in real-world trials. The proposers' involvement with SECOAS, PROSEN and MC-DIAS represents access to experimental scenarios that will enable studies of the protocol performance and analysis of results in the applications areas of the environment, power, water and telecommunications (see letter of support form British Telecommunications). Relationships will be established with these programmes and trials which will allow the integration of new protocol strategies with their extended programmes of activities e.g. wind farm test site at TUV NEL Ltd. The key aim will be to demonstrate the benefits of understanding the application and the resultant traffic profiles and the appropriate analysis of the protocol that supports that application.