Spatial hearing and language learning in toddlers who use cochlear implants

使用人工耳蜗的幼儿的空间听力和语言学习

• 批准号: 7388153
• 负责人: TINA M GRIECO-CALUB
• 金额: $ 2.15万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-03-15 至 2008-08-15
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7388153
• 关键词: Acoustic Nerve; Acoustics; Address; Adult; Age; Age-Years; Auditory; Behavioral; Bilateral; Brain; Child; Clinical; Cochlear Implants; Cochlear implant procedure; Data; Electric Stimulation; Goals; Hearing; Hearing Impaired Persons; Implant; Infant; Knowledge; Language; Language Delays; Language Development; Learning; Localized; Measures; Methods; Noise; Numbers; Oral; Outcome; Patients; Performance; Procedures; Process; Psychophysiology; Purpose; Research; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Sound Localization; Speech; Standards of Weights and Measures; Techniques; Testing; Time; Toddler; Work; auditory deprivation; base; binaural hearing; cost effectiveness; deafness; design; early childhood; experience; implantation; improved; infancy; insight; novel; older patient; peer; preference; research study; sensory prosthesis; skills; sound; speech recognition; trend

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Children who are born deaf gain access to the auditory world through the use of cochlear implants (CIs), which provide electrical stimulation directly to the auditory nerve. Even though most children can perform quite well with a single implant, with better results associated with earlier implantation, there has been a recent clinical trend to provide patients who are deaf with bilateral CIs. Although this practice is becoming widely accepted for older patients, it is still under debate for infants. One reason for this debate is that the benefit of providing bilateral CIs to infants has not been systematically studied. In older children and adults, bilateral CIs have been shown to improve both spatial hearing and speech recognition in noise, consistent with the idea that binaural hearing can improve performance on various listening tasks. These binaural benefits have yet to be shown in infants who are born deaf and use CIs. Thus, there is a need to document the potential benefits of bilateral CIs in very young children, especially at a time when language learning and brain plasticity are greatest. To accomplish this, we will measure two auditory-dependent processes, auditory word learning and spatial hearing, in toddlers (under the age of three years) who use either a single CI or bilateral CIs. A combination of psychophysical and behavioral techniques, which are well-established for use in typically-developing toddlers, will be utilized in this proposal. In the experiments designed to test auditory word learning, word recognition ability in quiet and in the presence of noise will be assessed by using a looking-preference paradigm, and novel word learning will be evaluated using a word-object association task. In the experiments designed to assess spatial hearing, an observer-based method will be used to determine a toddler's minimum audible angle, which is a quantification of sound localization ability. The purpose of these experiments is to document the development of language and spatial hearing in very young CI users as well as to test the hypothesis that children with bilateral CIs will outperform children who use a single CI on these tasks. The knowledge that can be gained from this project is clinically applicable and necessary due to the current debate regarding the cost-effectiveness of providing bilateral CIs (versus one CI). The data generated from this study will provide insight into the development of language and auditory skills in very young children who use CIs, as well as serve to inform decisions about providing unilateral versus bilateral CIs to infants.

描述（由申请人提供）：天生失聪的儿童通过使用 人工耳蜗植入体（CI），直接向听觉神经提供电刺激。尽管大多数儿童在单次植入后表现良好，早期植入效果更好， 最近的临床趋势是为失聪患者提供双侧CI。尽管这种做法在老年患者中被广泛接受，但对于婴儿仍有争议。这场辩论的一个原因是 为婴儿提供双侧CI的益处尚未得到系统研究。在年龄较大的儿童和成人中，双侧CI已被证明可以改善噪音中的空间听力和语音识别， 这与双耳听力可以提高各种听力任务的表现的想法一致。这些双耳的好处还没有显示在婴儿谁是天生耳聋和使用CI。因此，有必要记录 双侧CI在幼儿中的潜在益处，特别是在语言学习和大脑可塑性最大的时候。为了实现这一点，我们将测量两个依赖于听觉的过程，听觉单词学习 和空间听觉，在使用单一CI或双侧CI的幼儿（三岁以下）中。心理物理和行为技术的结合，这是公认的用于典型的发展 幼儿，将被用于该提案。在设计用于测试听觉单词学习的实验中，将通过使用视觉偏好范式来评估安静和噪声存在下的单词识别能力， 将使用单词-对象关联任务来评估新单词学习。在设计用于评估空间听觉的实验中，将使用基于听觉的方法来确定幼儿的最小可听角，这是一个 声音定位能力的量化。这些实验的目的是记录非常年轻的CI使用者的语言和空间听觉的发展，以及测试双侧CI儿童 在这些任务上会比使用单一人工智能的孩子表现得更好。从这个项目中可以获得的知识是临床上适用的，也是必要的，因为目前关于提供 双侧CI（对比1个CI）。从这项研究中产生的数据将提供深入了解语言和听觉技能的发展，在非常年幼的儿童谁使用CI，以及服务，以告知有关提供决策 婴儿单侧与双侧CI。