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The Nuclear Structure of Exotic Fission Fragments

奇异裂变碎片的核结构

基本信息

批准号：
EP/D05141X/1
负责人：
Alastair Smith
金额：
$ 61.04万
依托单位：
University of Manchester
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2006 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FD05141X%2F1
关键词：
Nuclear Structure Exotic Fission Fragments

项目摘要

At the heart of the atom lies the atomic nucleus, an object so minute that it would take tens of billions laid end-to-end to make up the width of a human hair. The nucleus is itself composed of even smaller particles called neutrons and protons. The neutrons, as the name suggests, carry no electrical charge while the protons have a positive charge. Thus, the total number of protons in a nucleus determines the nuclear charge and is denoted by Z, the atomic number. It is this net positive charge that enables negatively-charged electrons to 'stick' to the nucleus to make neutral atoms. The electric forces within the nucleus try to push the protons apart and it is only the presence of the the strong, short-range attractive nuclear force between neutrons and protons that enables nuclei to exist in a stable state. The total number of neutrons and protons is called the mass number, A. Atomic nuclei are stable only for particular combinations of Z and A. If we try to make a nucleus with too many neutrons for a given number of protons it becomes unstable and tries to decay to products with lower total mass by a process known as beta decay. For very high atomic numbers the long-range electric repulsion between the protons becomes competitive to the nuclear attraction. These high-Z nuclei need proportionately more neutrons to protons than low-Z nuclei in order to be stable. Some high Z nuclei can be made to fission into two lighter nuclei with a large release of energy. The fission process results in products with roughly the same Z/A ratio as the parent nucleus. Since the parent is rich in neutrons, the products are also. Fission is therefore a natural way in which to produce unstable neutron-rich nuclei. Such nuclei are of great importance since they are used as stepping stones in the astrophysical rapid neutron-capture process that is the mechanism by which elements heavier than iron are made. Fission is also important in that it is currently the only way in which w

原子的核心是原子核，它是一个如此微小的物体，需要数百亿个首尾相连才能组成一根人类头发的宽度。原子核本身由更小的粒子（称为中子和质子）组成。顾名思义，中子不带电荷，而质子带正电荷。因此，原子核中质子的总数决定了核电荷，并用 Z（原子序数）表示。正是这种净正电荷使带负电的电子能够“粘附”到原子核上形成中性原子。原子核内的电力试图将质子推开，只有中子和质子之间存在强大的短程吸引力核力才能使原子核以稳定状态存在。中子和质子的总数称为质量数 A。原子核仅对 Z 和 A 的特定组合是稳定的。如果我们尝试为给定数量的质子制造一个具有太多中子的原子核，它就会变得不稳定，并试图通过称为 β 衰变的过程衰变为总质量较低的产物。对于非常高的原子序数，质子之间的长程电斥力变得与核吸引力竞争。为了保持稳定，这些高 Z 原子核需要比低 Z 原子核更多的中子与质子。一些高 Z 原子核可以裂变成两个较轻的原子核，并释放大量能量。裂变过程产生的产物的 Z/A 比与母核大致相同。由于母体富含中子，因此产物也富含中子。因此，裂变是产生不稳定的富中子核的自然方式。这些原子核非常重要，因为它们被用作天体物理快速中子俘获过程的垫脚石，这是制造比铁重的元素的机制。裂变也很重要，因为它是目前唯一的方式

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Fission-fragment spectroscopy with large arrays and STEFF

使用大型阵列和 STEFF 的裂变碎片光谱

DOI：
发表时间：
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Alastair Smith (Author)
通讯作者：
Alastair Smith (Author)

Yrast excitations in the neutron-rich N = 52 isotones

富中子 N = 52 等值线中的 Yrast 激发

DOI：
10.1103/physrevc.88.044314
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
Physical Review C
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Czerwinski M
通讯作者：
Czerwinski M

The Neutrons for Science Facility at SPIRAL-2

SPIRAL-2 科学设施中子

DOI：
10.1016/j.nds.2014.08.097
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
Nuclear Data Sheets
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Ledoux X
通讯作者：
Ledoux X

F}ission-{F}ragment {S}pectroscopy with {STEFF

F}分裂-{F}碎片{S}光谱与{STEFF

DOI：
发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
A. G. {Smith};I. {Tsekhanovich};J. {Dare};D. M. {Cullen};B. J. {Varley};N. {Lumley};T. {Materna};U. {Koster};M. {Helmecke};G. S. {Simpson}
通讯作者：
G. S. {Simpson}

Low-spin structure of

低自旋结构