The Neural Bases of Affect Regulation in Drug Abuse

药物滥用影响调节的神经基础

• 批准号: 7292656
• 负责人: KEVIN N OCHSNER
• 金额: $ 34.63万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-30 至 2011-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7292656
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Affective; Amygdaloid structure; Aversive Stimulus; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Child; Cocaine; Code; Cognitive; Condition; Consumption; Controlled Study; Cues; Data Reporting; Development; Disease; Dose; Down-Regulation; Drug Addiction; Drug Regulations; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Emotional; Emotions; Environment; Event; Exhibits; Face; Female; Food; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Gender; Goals; Grant; Heating; Image; Individual; Institutes; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Learning; Measures; Mediating; Memory; Methamphetamine; Modeling; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Neurobiology; New York; Numbers; Participant; Pattern; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Procedures; Process; Range; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Regulation; Research; Research Personnel; Rewards; Sampling; Self Administration; Self-control as a personality trait; Sex Characteristics; Sorting - Cell Movement; Stimulus; Structure; Study models; Substance abuse problem; System; Thinking; Training; Transcriptional Activation; Translating; Up-Regulation; Ventral Striatum; Work; abstracting; base; career; cognitive control; craving; desire; drug abuser; experience; male; memory recall; neural model; neural recruitment; neuromechanism; novel; payment; programs; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sex; social; success; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although behavioral and neurobiological evidence suggests that methamphetamine (MA) abusers and drug abusers more generally exhibit poor self-control, little work has directly examined the ability of abusers to "cool" the "hot" impulses generated by appetitive drug-related stimuli using the kinds of cognitive reappraisals shown in basic social cognitive behavioral work to be highly effective for delaying or foregoing consumption of attractive, tempting rewards. This proposal examines the utility of applying these cognitive appraisal strategies to identify the conditions under which MA abusers can a) use reappraisal strategies to "cool" the "hot" appetitive pull of drug stimuli, b) recruit the prefrontal and cingulate mechanisms supporting these reappraisals, and c) as a consequence, reduce the perceived desirability of the "hot" drug and activation in structures like the amygdala that may contribute to their impulsive appetitive responses. Toward these goals, we will pursue 2 aims in 2 steps. First, we will develop a normative model of the neural bases supporting reappraisal of appetitive impulses in healthy young adults. Second, the normative model of affect regulation developed under Aim 1 will be used to identify the cognitive and neural processes that mediate vulnerability to MA use disorders. Specifically, in years 1-2 of the grant, in 2 experiments with healthy adults we will examine the neural bases of "heating" and "cooling" appraisals of pictorial stimuli of the sort that may elicit cravings for desired appetitive objects (Exp 1), or memories of appetitive experiences that may trigger affective impulses in the absence of external cues (Exp 2). In years 3-5 of the grant, we will use these paradigms to study reappraisal in a sample of MA abusers who have completed participation in an on- going NIDA funded study (R01 DA019559) of intranasal MA self-administration. This study carefully characterizes patterns of MA use and response, allowing us to relate the drug-taking behaviors of MA abusers to the findings we will obtain in this proposal concerning their use of cognitive reappraisals and the neural mechanisms supporting their reappraisal efforts. The proposed research directly addresses both the social-cognitive mechanisms and the neural mechanisms basic in drug dependency, to identify how they interact in attempts to use cognitive appraisal strategies to reduce the attractiveness and power of MA, a drug whose illicit use is increasing dramatically.

描述（由申请人提供）：虽然行为和神经生物学证据表明，甲基苯丙胺（MA）滥用者和药物滥用者更普遍地表现出较差的自我控制能力，但很少有工作直接检验滥用者使用基本社会认知行为工作中显示的认知重新评估来“冷却”由与药物相关的食欲刺激产生的“热”冲动的能力，这些认知重新评估对于延迟或延迟非常有效。 放弃有吸引力的、诱人的奖励的消费。该提案检验了应用这些认知评估策略的效用，以确定 MA 滥用者可以 a) 使用重新评估策略来“冷却”药物刺激的“热”食欲拉动，b) 招募支持这些重新评估的前额叶和扣带回机制，以及 c) 因此，减少对“热”药物的感知需求和结构中的激活，例如 杏仁核可能有助于他们的冲动性食欲反应。为了实现这些目标，我们将分两步实现两个目标。首先，我们将开发一个神经基础的规范模型，支持重新评估健康年轻人的食欲冲动。其次，目标 1 下开发的情感调节规范模型将用于识别介导 MA 使用障碍脆弱性的认知和神经过程。具体来说，在资助的第1-2年，在健康成年人的2个实验中，我们将检查对图像刺激的“加热”和“冷却”评估的神经基础，这种刺激可能会引起对所需食欲物体的渴望（实验1），或者在没有外部线索的情况下可能引发情感冲动的食欲经历记忆（实验2）。在资助的第 3-5 年，我们将使用这些范例来研究对 MA 滥用者样本的重新评估，这些滥用者已经完成了 NIDA 资助的一项正在进行的鼻内 MA 自我给药研究 (R01 DA019559)。这项研究仔细地描述了 MA 的使用和反应模式，使我们能够将 MA 滥用者的吸毒行为与我们将在本提案中获得的关于他们使用认知重新评估和支持他们重新评估努力的神经机制的发现联系起来。拟议的研究直接涉及药物依赖的社会认知机制和神经机制，以确定它们在尝试使用认知评估策略来降低 MA 的吸引力和力量时如何相互作用，而 MA 是一种非法使用急剧增加的药物。