Expanding the knowledge base for emotion regulation in aging

扩大衰老过程中情绪调节的知识库

• 批准号: 9565687
• 负责人: KEVIN N OCHSNER
• 金额: $ 74.38万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-30 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9565687
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affective; Age; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Amygdaloid structure; Attention; Aversive Stimulus; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Categories; Circadian Rhythms; Cognitive; Corpus striatum structure; Data; Ecological momentary assessment; Elderly; Elements; Emotional; Emotions; Event; Feeling; Functional Imaging; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Grant; Health; Health Benefit; Image; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Insula of Reil; Intervention; Knowledge; Life; Longevity; Measures; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Neurosciences Research; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Physiological; Pilot Projects; Population; Principal Investigator; Process; Psychophysics; Publishing; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Risk; Stimulus; Study Section; System; Testing; Thinking; Variant; Work; age difference; age group; age related; aged; base; behavioral study; cognitive ability; design; emotion regulation; emotional experience; evidence base; flexibility; gaze; hedonic; imaging study; improved; knowledge base; mortality; neuromechanism; news; novel; positive emotional state; power analysis; programs; psychologic; relating to nervous system; response; stressor; theories; young adult

Program Director/Principal Investigator (Last, First, Middle): Ochsner, Kevin N. By 2040, the number of adults aged 65+ is expected to comprise approximately 22% of the U.S. population1. Given this 175% increase in the older adult population, it is imperative that basic research expand the evidence base concerning normative age-related maturational shifts in emotion regulation processes – processes that support adaptive responding to life stressors and promote health and well-being. RFA-MH-17-405 calls for exactly this type of research, with a key question concerning what mechanisms underlie the paradoxical finding that health and cognitive abilities decline with age but older adults report more positive emotion in their daily lives and preferentially attend to and remember positive stimuli and events. Emotion regulation has been advanced as a possible key factor underlying this positivity bias. Studies now show that older adults can effectively use certain classes of regulatory strategies, including situation-focused, attentional, and response- focused strategies. Although early studies appeared to show age-related impairments in older adults use of the powerful and widely deployable cognitive strategy reappraisal, our recent pilot studies show that this depends on how one reappraises: older adults are less able to cognitively minimize the impact of negative events but can positivize their reponses by finding positive meaning in them. Evolving models of emotion regulation from our lab and others suggest a major limitation of such work, however: It focuses exclusively on the ability to implement regulatory strategies when instructed to do so, and ignores two critical processing stages that may necessarily precede strategy implementation: First, the identification of one's current emotional state and second, the decision whether and how to change this state. To date, little to no attention has been paid to potential age-related changes in these two key regulatory stages. In three Aims, this grant will test this evolving model and address these critical gaps in knowledge. Aim 1 will combine fMRI with a novel psychophyisical task to ask how different ways of identifying you emotions can have different emotion regulatory effects for older vs. younger adults. Aim 2 will use a novel variant of our established fMRI methods for studying reappraisal to ask whether and how older and younger adults differ in decisions to reappraise, and if so, using minimizing vs. positivizing reappraisals. Exploratory Aim 3 attempts to connect these lab-based behavioral and brain markers of emotional response and regulation to measures of daily emotional experience and regulatory goals as assessed using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Together, the proposed research could provide new answers for the emotion paradox of aging – suggesting that the positivity bias could arise in part from age- related differences in the unappreciated regulatory effects of identifying your emotions and the ways decisions are made to regulate those emotions. In so doing, we will broaden the knowledge base concerning the psychological and neural underpinnings of emotion regulation and how they change across the lifespan, with implications for designing possible future interventions to improve emotional well-being. OMB No. 0925-0001/0002 (Rev. 03/16 Approved Through 10/31/2018) Page Continuation Format Page

项目主任/主要研究者（最后，第一，中间）：Ochsner，Kevin N。 到2040年，65岁以上的成年人预计将占美国人口的22%。 鉴于老年人口增加了175%，基础研究必须扩大证据 关于情绪调节过程中与年龄相关的规范性成熟转变的基础-这些过程 支持对生活压力作出适应性反应，促进健康和福祉。RFA-MH-17-405要求 正是这种类型的研究，一个关键问题是什么机制的矛盾发现 健康和认知能力随着年龄的增长而下降，但老年人在日常生活中表现出更多的积极情绪， 生活和优先注意和记住积极的刺激和事件。情绪调节一直是 作为这种积极偏见的一个可能的关键因素。研究表明，老年人可以 有效地使用某些类别的监管策略，包括以情境为中心，注意力和反应- 重点战略。虽然早期的研究似乎表明，老年人使用 强大和广泛部署的认知策略重新评估，我们最近的试点研究表明，这取决于 关于如何重新评估：老年人在认知上不太能够最大限度地减少负面事件的影响， 能通过在他们的反应中发现积极的意义来使其积极化。情绪调节模型的演变 然而，我们的实验室和其他实验室提出了这种工作的一个主要局限性：它只关注 执行监管策略时，指示这样做，并忽略了两个关键的处理阶段， 首先，确定一个人当前的情绪状态， 二是要不要改变这种状况，如何改变这种状况。到目前为止，很少或根本没有注意到 在这两个关键的调节阶段的潜在年龄相关的变化。在三个目标中，这笔赠款将测试这种不断发展的 模拟并解决这些关键的知识差距。目标1将联合收割机功能磁共振成像与一种新的心理生理任务相结合 不同的情绪识别方式对老年人和老年人的情绪调节效果有何不同？ 年轻的成年人。目标2将使用我们建立的功能磁共振成像方法的新变体来研究重新评价， 老年人和年轻人在重新评估的决定上是否存在差异，以及如何存在差异，如果是，使用最小化与 积极的重新评价。探索性目标3试图将这些基于实验室的行为和大脑标记联系起来 情绪反应和调节的日常情绪体验和调节目标的措施， 生态瞬时评估（EMA）。总之，拟议的研究可以提供新的 年龄的情绪悖论的答案-这表明积极的偏见可能部分来自年龄- 在识别你的情绪和决定的方式的未被欣赏的调节作用的相关差异 是用来调节这些情绪的在这样做的时候，我们将扩大知识基础， 情绪调节的心理和神经基础，以及它们在整个生命周期中如何变化， 对设计未来可能的干预措施以改善情绪健康的影响。 OMB编号0925-0001/0002（2016年3月修订版，批准至2018年10月31日）