Natural History of Attempts to Stop Smoking

尝试戒烟的自然历史

• 批准号: 7506033
• 负责人: JOHN R HUGHES
• 金额: $ 45.74万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT & ST AGRIC COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-15 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7506033
• 关键词: Abstinence; Adult; Behavior; Child; Cognitive; Cues; Daily; Data; Data Analyses; Development; Drug usage; Exposure to; Future; Health; Individual; Internet; Intervention; Lead; Mails; Measures; Modeling; Natural History; Numbers; Outcome; Participant; Pilot Projects; Probability; Process; Public Health; Questionnaires; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Self Efficacy; Smoke; Smoker; System; Testing; Time; Tobacco use; Voice; Work; day; interest; model design; multilevel analysis; prospective; smoking cessation; social; success

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Smoking cessation can be enhanced either by increasing the success of quit attempts or by increasing in the number of quit attempts. Although many studies have determined the variables that influence remaining abstinent after a quit attempt, few have examined the variables that influence the onset of a quit attempt. The current application tests two facets of a model of the processes that lead to a quit attempt. First, we test whether certain environmental cues (e.g., a request from a child to quit smoking or exposure to a smoking-related health message) increase the probability of a quit attempt in the near future. We also examine whether such cues predict attempts over and above the predictive ability of cognitive factors such as self-efficacy and perceived social norms and whether these cognitive factors interact to make cues more powerful predictors. Second, we test whether planning behaviors (e.g. seeking information about treatment) and setting a quit date are common and increase the probability of a quit attempt. We also provide a more rigorous replication test of prior findings that spontaneous, unplanned quit attempts are more successful than delayed, planned quit attempts. In a pilot study, we will develop measures of external cues and planning activities. The main study is a non-treatment, prospective, natural history study. In this study, we will recruit 200 adult daily smokers who are interested in quitting in the next 6 months. They will call an Interactive Voice Recording (IVR) system daily and complete mailed or internet questionnaires weekly for 6 months. Our prior work has shown that we can obtain such daily and weekly reports for 6 months with little missing data. The daily IVR will record tobacco use/abstinence, intentions to quit, external cues and planning behaviors. The weekly questionnaires will measure cognitive variables and other outcomes (e.g. other drug use). Data analysis will use multilevel models designed to accommodate many repeated measures over time within participants. The results of this study will a) help develop a model of the causes of smoking cessation attempts, b) guide development of media and individual interventions to motivate smokers to make a quit attempt, and c) provide a more rigorous test of whether spontaneous, impulsive quit attempts should be encouraged rather than delayed, planned quit attempts. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Despite many public health efforts, most smokers do not try to quit in a given year and, despite significant public health efforts, the number of smokers who try to quit each year has not increased in the last 15 yrs. We propose a study to better understand how smokers decide to quit smoking; e.g., what cues prompt them to try to quit and how much they plan out their quit attempts. The study will also test a recent finding that smokers who make a spontaneous, unplanned quit attempt do better than those who delay and plan out their quit attempt. The study will have smokers call in information daily or weekly about cigs/day, exposure to cues to stop smoking, their intentions to quit, their actual quit attempts, etc for 6 months. The results of this study will a) help develop media and individual interventions to motivate smokers to make a quit attempt, and b) help decide if smokers should be encouraged to quit spontaneously or wait and plan out their quit attempts.

描述（由申请人提供）：戒烟可以通过增加戒烟尝试的成功率或增加戒烟尝试的次数来加强。尽管许多研究已经确定了影响戒烟尝试后保持戒断的变量，但很少有研究检查影响戒烟尝试开始的变量。当前应用程序测试导致退出尝试的流程模型的两个方面。首先，我们测试了某些环境线索（例如，来自儿童的戒烟请求或接触与吸烟有关的健康信息）是否会增加近期戒烟尝试的可能性。我们还研究了这些线索是否比自我效能感和感知社会规范等认知因素的预测能力更能预测尝试，以及这些认知因素是否相互作用，使线索成为更有力的预测因素。其次，我们测试了计划行为（如寻求治疗信息）和设定戒烟日期是否常见，并增加了戒烟尝试的概率。我们还对先前的研究结果进行了更严格的复制测试，即自发的、计划外的戒烟尝试比延迟的、有计划的戒烟尝试更成功。在试点研究中，我们将开发外部线索和计划活动的措施。主要研究是非治疗性、前瞻性、自然史研究。在这项研究中，我们将招募200名有兴趣在未来6个月内戒烟的成年日常吸烟者。他们将每天打电话给交互式语音录音（IVR）系统，并在6个月内每周完成邮寄或互联网问卷调查。我们之前的工作表明，我们可以获得6个月的每日和每周报告，几乎没有丢失数据。每日IVR将记录烟草使用/戒烟，戒烟意图，外部线索和计划行为。每周的调查问卷将测量认知变量和其他结果（例如其他药物使用）。数据分析将使用多层次模型，以适应参与者在一段时间内的许多重复测量。这项研究的结果将a)有助于建立一个戒烟尝试的原因模型，b)指导媒体和个人干预措施的发展，以激励吸烟者进行戒烟尝试，c)提供一个更严格的测试，是否应该鼓励自发的、冲动的戒烟尝试，而不是延迟的、有计划的戒烟尝试。公共卫生相关性：尽管有许多公共卫生努力，大多数吸烟者在某一年中并不试图戒烟，尽管有重大的公共卫生努力，在过去15年中，每年试图戒烟的吸烟者人数没有增加。我们建议进行一项研究，以更好地了解吸烟者是如何决定戒烟的；例如，什么线索促使他们尝试戒烟，他们多少计划他们的戒烟尝试。这项研究还将测试最近的一项发现，即自发、计划外戒烟的吸烟者比那些推迟和计划戒烟的吸烟者效果更好。在为期6个月的研究中，吸烟者每天或每周打电话询问每天的吸烟量、接触到的戒烟提示、他们戒烟的意图、他们实际戒烟的尝试等信息。这项研究的结果将a)有助于发展媒体和个人干预措施来激励吸烟者进行戒烟尝试，b)有助于决定是否应该鼓励吸烟者自发戒烟或等待并计划戒烟尝试。