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Quantum Statistics of Dynamically-driven Fermi Gases

动态驱动费米气体的量子统计

基本信息

批准号：
EP/D065135/1
负责人：
Boris Mouzykantskii
金额：
$ 56.03万
依托单位：
University of Warwick
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2007 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FD065135%2F1
关键词：
Quantum Statistics Dynamically driven Fermi

项目摘要

We are proposing to develop a new theoretical method to compute the size and nature of fluctuations in quantities like the electronic charge transported across a device and the energy dissipated, when the device is switched. An accurate theoretical description of these fluctuations will become increasingly important for the development of future electronic devices as these become smaller. We will concentrate on providing an account of devices already under current or proposed experimental investigation. In describing the operation of small devices it is important to take account of the fact that the energy of light and the charge of an electron come in indivisible packets called quanta. The effect of this on fluctuations is much greater the smaller the devices and the smaller the numbers of electrons or light particles involved. It is like being hit by raindrops. You notice the difference between being hit by 2 or by 3 drops per minute, if the average is 2.4 raindrops per minute, much more than the difference between being hit by 3500 and 3501 drops when the average is 3500.4 per minute.The examples we propose to study include:1. Some single photon detectors in which the conductance of a narrow channel changes when the energy of an incoming light particle is absorbed.2. Some devices which are predicted to achieve the absolute fundamental minimal limit for fluctuations when the voltage across them is controlled in a certain way;3. Some small devices in which the conductance is controlled by the state of a nearby impurity. This impurity changes between its two possible configurations as it absorbs and emits energy from some background source of heat. For this particular case, it is important for us to develop our method to handle the effect of temperature.

我们建议开发一种新的理论方法来计算数量波动的大小和性质，例如设备切换时穿过设备传输的电子电荷和耗散的能量。随着未来电子设备变得越来越小，对这些波动的准确理论描述对于未来电子设备的开发将变得越来越重要。我们将集中精力提供已经在当前或拟议的实验研究中的设备的说明。在描述小型设备的操作时，重要的是要考虑到光的能量和电子的电荷以称为量子的不可分割的包的形式存在这一事实。设备越小，涉及的电子或光粒子的数量越少，这对波动的影响就越大。就像被雨滴击中一样。您会注意到，如果平均每分钟有 2.4 个雨滴，则每分钟被 2 或 3 个水滴击中之间的差异，远远大于当平均每分钟 3500.4 个雨滴时，被 3500 和 3501 个水滴击中之间的差异。我们建议研究的例子包括：1。一些单光子探测器，当入射光粒子的能量被吸收时，窄通道的电导会发生变化。 2．当以某种方式控制其两端的电压时，预计可以达到波动的绝对基本最小极限的一些设备； 3．一些小型设备，其中电导由附近杂质的状态控制。当这种杂质从某些背景热源吸收和释放能量时，它会在两种可能的配置之间变化。对于这种特殊情况，我们开发处理温度影响的方法非常重要。