Copy of Andreev Reflection in Superconducting Spin Polarised Devices
超导自旋极化器件中安德烈耶夫反射的副本
基本信息
- 批准号:EP/D072158/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 71.14万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Fellowship
- 财政年份:2006
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2006 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Interactions between electrons in solids are responsible for many of the most intriguing and exciting physical phenomena studied in modern physics. This project aims to investigate and exploit interactions between 2 such phenomena, intimately connected to the quantum nature of an electron's angular momentum, or spin, that at first sight appear to be incompatible and complementary. By using the latest experimental techniques for creating nanometre scale structures and carrying out measurements at temperatures less than a third of a degree, this work will develop our understanding of the most fundamental interactions that will be at the heart of the next epoch in electronics. This work builds on my experience in device materials, applying an understanding of materials science to help study problems in low temperature and condensed matter physics that can then be applied in useful electronic or magnetic devices.Electrons can be described in terms of a set of properties, for example, energy, momentum and angular moment, that quantum mechanics limits to certain specific values. For angular momentum or spin there are 2 values; 'up' and 'down'. Superconductivity, the property where a material will conduct electricity at low temperatures and magnetic fields without resistance, is associated in metals with pairing of electrons with opposite spins, one 'up' and one 'down'. Ferromagnetism, a material's having permanent magnetism below a critical temperature, is associated with the alignment of electrons in one direction. Electron spin can also be thought of as making the electrons act as little bar magnets; so aligning electron spins makes all the individual magnetic moments add up together.Of particular interest are the processes where electrons are transferred from a ferromagnet (parallel orientation) to a superconductor (anti-parallel orientation). Conventionally, a single electron entering a superconductor does so in a process known as Andreev reflection - it needs to take a second electron with it that must have opposite spin to form a pair in the superconductor. If the electrons are coming from a ferromagnet, there may not be enough suitable electrons due to the parallel alignment of spins.There is another possibility: most real magnetic materials do not form single domains with all the magnetic moments of the electrons aligned in the same direction. Instead, multiple domains with different orientations occur separated by domain walls where the magnetic moments twist from one orientation to the other. If the 2 electrons entering a superconductor are taken from different domains, it may be easier to pair the electrons up - a process known as cross Andreev reflection. To do this the two domains need to be placed within the superconducting coherence length - the distance over which the pairing of electrons happens. This distance is typically within 10s to 100s of nm, which is also the length scale of a domain wall width in many materials.These effects are only just within the range of experimental investigation. However, such effects have already been shown, theoretically at least, to form the basis for devices to manipulate and control the spin orientations of electrons. The use of an electron's spin, in addition to its charge, to carry information is the subject of much current research and the development of so called 'spintronics' is widely held to be key to opening up a new era in electronics as fundamental as the development of the transistor. This project both depends on and complements that research. The combination of spintronic elements in superconducting devices will give insight into the optimization of the materials and design of devices in spintronics research as well as elucidating the fundamental physics of the interaction of superconductivity and magnetic materials. In essence, this would be the equivalent in superconducting devices of the transition from passive magnetic devices to spin active devices.
固体中电子之间的相互作用是现代物理学中研究的许多最有趣和最令人兴奋的物理现象的原因。这个项目旨在研究和利用两个这样的现象之间的相互作用,这些现象与电子的角动量或自旋的量子本质密切相关,乍一看似乎是不相容和互补的。通过使用最新的实验技术来创建纳米级结构并在不到三分之一度的温度下进行测量,这项工作将加深我们对最基本的相互作用的理解,这些相互作用将成为下一个电子时代的核心。这项工作建立在我在设备材料方面的经验基础上,应用材料科学的知识来帮助研究低温和凝聚态物理中的问题,然后这些问题可以应用于有用的电子或磁性设备。电子可以用一组属性来描述,例如,能量、动量和角矩,量子力学将这些属性限制在特定的值。角动量或自转有两个值:“向上”和“向下”。超导是一种材料在低温和磁场中不带电阻地导电的特性,在金属中,超导与具有相反自旋的电子配对有关,一个自旋“向上”,一个“向下”。铁磁性,一种材料在临界温度以下具有永久磁性,与电子在一个方向上的排列有关。电子自旋也可以被认为是使电子充当小条形磁铁;因此,排列电子自旋使所有单独的磁矩加在一起。特别有趣的是电子从铁磁(平行取向)转移到超导体(反平行取向)的过程。传统上,进入超导体的单个电子是在被称为安德烈夫反射的过程中这样做的-它需要带走第二个电子,这个电子必须具有相反的自旋,才能在超导体中形成一对电子。如果电子来自铁磁体,由于自旋的平行排列,可能没有足够的合适电子。还有另一种可能性:大多数真实的磁性材料并不形成单个磁区,所有电子的磁矩都在同一方向上排列。取而代之的是,具有不同取向的多个磁区由磁区壁隔开,其中磁矩从一个方向扭曲到另一个方向。如果进入超导体的两个电子来自不同的区域,可能更容易将电子配对--这一过程被称为交叉安德列夫反射。要做到这一点,需要将这两个磁区放置在超导相干长度内--电子配对发生的距离。这一距离通常在10s到100s的纳米范围内,这也是许多材料中磁区壁宽度的长度尺度。这些影响只是在实验研究的范围内。然而,这种效应已经被证明,至少在理论上,构成了设备操纵和控制电子自旋取向的基础。除了电荷之外,利用电子的自旋来携带信息是目前许多研究的主题,人们普遍认为,所谓的自旋电子学的发展是开启电子学新纪元的关键,其基础与晶体管的发展一样重要。这个项目既依赖于这项研究,也是对这项研究的补充。超导器件中自旋电子元件的结合将有助于优化自旋电子学研究中的材料和器件设计,并有助于阐明超导材料与磁性材料相互作用的基本物理。从本质上讲,这将等同于超导器件从无源磁性器件到自旋有源器件的转变。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(2)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Gavin Burnell其他文献
Probing the spiral magnetic phase in 6 nm textured erbium using polarised neutron reflectometry
使用偏振中子反射计探测 6 nm 织构铒中的螺旋磁相
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2017 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
N. Satchell;N. Satchell;J. Witt;Gavin Burnell;P. Curran;C. Kinane;T R Charlton;Sean Langridge;Joshaniel F. K. Cooper - 通讯作者:
Joshaniel F. K. Cooper
バルクFeRh合金における高エネルギーイオン照射誘起強磁性の熱処理効果
热处理对大块 FeRh 合金中高能离子辐照诱导铁磁性的影响
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2016 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Serban Lepadatu;Henri Saarikoski;Robert Beacham;Maria Jose Benitez;Thomas A. Moore;Gavin Burnell;Satoshi Sugimoto;Daniel Yesudas;May C. Wheeler;Jorge Miguel;Sarnjeet S. Dhesi;Damien McGrouther;Stephen McVitie;Gen Tatara & Christopher H. Marro;杣 龍之介,松井利之,岩瀬彰宏,石神龍哉,神谷富裕,斎藤勇一,佐藤隆博,江夏昌志 - 通讯作者:
杣 龍之介,松井利之,岩瀬彰宏,石神龍哉,神谷富裕,斎藤勇一,佐藤隆博,江夏昌志
Flow-through systems for culturing great scallop larvae
- DOI:
10.1023/a:1009271220868 - 发表时间:
2000-03-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.400
- 作者:
Sissel Andersen;Gavin Burnell;Øivind Bergh - 通讯作者:
Øivind Bergh
Note of the Editor on the 20th anniversary of Aquaculture International
- DOI:
10.1007/s10499-016-0002-4 - 发表时间:
2016-04-15 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.400
- 作者:
Gavin Burnell - 通讯作者:
Gavin Burnell
Gavin Burnell的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Gavin Burnell', 18)}}的其他基金
Non-volatile programmable components for the superconducting computer
用于超导计算机的非易失性可编程组件
- 批准号:
EP/V028138/1 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 71.14万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Generation, Imaging and Control of Novel Coherent Electronic States in Artificial Ferromagnetic-Superconducting Hybrid Metamaterials and Devices
人造铁磁-超导混合超材料和器件中新型相干电子态的生成、成像和控制
- 批准号:
EP/J010634/1 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 71.14万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
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低维拓扑超导Josephson结的多重Andreev反射研究
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拓扑绝缘体与超导体耦合体系中交叉Andreev反射研究
- 批准号:11474084
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新型量子结构中的Andreev反射和邻近效应
- 批准号:11174125
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多自由度超伝導体におけるAndreev束縛状態が創発する新奇量子現象
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- 批准号:
24KJ1221 - 财政年份:2024
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$ 71.14万 - 项目类别:
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非トポロジカルな新奇Andreev束縛状態が誘起するメゾスコピック伝導
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24K17010 - 财政年份:2024
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24K08228 - 财政年份:2024
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26790041 - 财政年份:2014
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