The Development of Spoken Word Recognition

口语识别的发展

• 批准号: 7337159
• 负责人: JAMES L MORGAN
• 金额: $ 31.62万
• 依托单位: BROWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-02-01 至 2009-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7337159
• 关键词: Acoustics; Address; Adult; Affect; Architecture; Categories; Characteristics; Chinese People; Complex; Comprehension; Computer Simulation; Condition; Cueing for speech; Development; Dimensions; Frequencies; Head; Hearing; Heart; Individual; Infant; Knowledge; Language; Language Development; Learning; Life; Literature; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Nature; Neighborhoods; Noise; Numbers; Phonetics; Plant Roots; Play; Process; Property; Proteinase 3; Range; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Sampling; Semantics; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Speech; Structure; Testing; Text; Voice; Work; base; combinatorial; lexical; model development; novel; phonology; preference; programs; research study; skills; syntax; theories; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Spoken word recognition is at the root of language comprehension and acquisition. For adults, recognition of known words (numbering in the tens of thousands) is fast, accurate, robust, and effortless. Yet the perceptual computations required are highly complex, as anyone listening to speakers conversing in an unfamiliar language begins to discern: what one hears is a babble lacking readily identifiable words. Nevertheless, within the first year of life, infants must develop the skills needed for spoken word recognition. Such skills are prerequisite to further acquisition of language, for if a language learner cannot break input utterances into their constituent words, it will be impossible to learn how these words fit together or what individual words mean. Studies proposed in this application address acquisition of the three chief components of spoken word recognition: segmentation of continuous speech into word-like chunks, representation of speech in a compact fashion that maximizes efficiency of processing, and identification of tokens as exemplars of particular lexical types. Issues considered include: How does developing lexical knowledge affect segmentation? How are knowledge-driven and signal-driven segmentation related? What are the constraints on properties of speech that infants initially entertain as contributing to lexical representations? The range of such properties narrows with development: what are the statistical properties of input that underlie this change and guide the emergence of native-language phonological categories? Adult word recognition is affected by number and frequency of competitors. How are competitive neighborhoods structured in the developing lexicon? How do processing deadlines and perceptual characteristics of speech tokens interact in word identification? The proposed research will employ a variety of empirical methods to provide converging measures of the development of spoken word recognition in infants from 6 to 18 months: headturn preference, conditioned head-turning, habituation, and intermodal preferential looking. Results from experimental studies with infants will be integrated with computational modeling to assess the feasibility of continuity theories of word recognition development, according to which fundamental processing architecture is shared by infants and adults.

描述（由申请人提供）：口语识别是语言理解和习得的基础。对于成年人来说，识别已知单词（数以万计）是快速、准确、稳健且轻松的。然而，所需的感知计算非常复杂，因为任何人听到用不熟悉的语言交谈的人都会开始辨别：所听到的是缺乏易于识别的单词的胡言乱语。然而，在生命的第一年里，婴儿必须发展口语单词识别所需的技能。这些技能是进一步习得语言的先决条件，因为如果语言学习者不能将输入的话语分解为其组成词，就不可能学习这些词如何组合在一起或单个词的含义。 本申请中提出的研究解决了口语单词识别的三个主要组成部分的获取：将连续语音分割成类似单词的块，以最大化处理效率的紧凑方式表示语音，以及将标记识别为特定词汇类型的范例。考虑的问题包括：词汇知识的发展如何影响分段？知识驱动和信号驱动的细分如何相关？婴儿最初认为有助于词汇表征的言语属性受到哪些限制？这些属性的范围随着发展而缩小：构成这种变化并指导母语语音类别出现的输入的统计属性是什么？成人单词识别受到参赛者数量和频率的影响。在发展中的词汇中，竞争性社区是如何构建的？语音标记的处理期限和感知特征在单词识别中如何相互作用？ 拟议的研究将采用多种实证方法来提供 6 至 18 个月婴儿口语单词识别发展的综合衡量标准：头转偏好、条件性转头、习惯化和多式联运偏好注视。婴儿实验研究的结果将与计算模型相结合，以评估单词识别发展的连续性理论的可行性，根据该理论，婴儿和成人共享基本处理架构。