Understanding the contex for physical activity in urban African Americans

描述(申请人提供)：背景：尽管有明确的证据表明体育锻炼可以降低患乳腺癌和结肠癌的风险，但许多群体仍然没有达到推荐的体育锻炼水平。低收入的城市非裔美国人是美国最不活跃的群体之一，但他们报告的交通活动率很高(定义为从一个地方步行/骑自行车到另一个地方)。人们有可能通过日常交通活动来获得与体力活动相关的健康益处。很少有研究描述低收入城市非裔美国人人口的交通身体活动，并确定与交通活动有关的心理社会特征(如知识、态度、信仰和文化规范/价值观)。主要目标：1.描述低收入城市非裔美国人人口的交通活动(包括步行和骑自行车)的模式；2.使用客观测量(加速计)和自我报告(电话调查和活动日记)，通过各种体力活动来源，特别是交通活动，确定总体能源消耗；3.确定这一人群交通活动和休闲时间活动的心理社会决定因素(知识、态度、信念、规范、价值观和障碍)。我们假设，经常出行的人总体体力活动水平较低，尤其是休闲时间活动水平较低，达到推荐体力活动水平的可能性较小，增加活动水平的自我效能感也较低。方法：为了实现这些目标，我们将使用焦点小组来确定心理社会决定因素，并使用认知反应测试来制定电话调查的问卷项目。将进行量化电话调查，以确定心理社会因素与体力活动(特别是交通和休闲活动)之间的联系。将进行可靠性研究，以评估新开发的调查项目的可靠性。将使用加速度法来获得七天内每日活动的客观测量。公共卫生意义：通过了解城市非裔美国人的日常交通活动模式，并确定围绕交通活动的态度、信念和规范/价值观，我们可以设计更相关的健康信息和计划，以增加体力活动，减轻这一人群中癌症的负担。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Background: Despite clear evidence that physical activity can reduce one's risk of developing both breast and colon cancer, many groups are still not achieving the recommended levels of physical activity. Low- income, urban African Americans are among the least active groups in the United States but do report high rates of transport activity (defined as walking/bicycling from place to place). It may be possible for people to achieve health benefits associated with physical activity through daily transport activity. There are few studies that describe transport physical activity and identify the psychosocial characteristics (such as knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and cultural norms/values) regarding transport activity in a low-income, urban African American population. Primary Aims: 1. to describe the patterns of transport activity (including walking and bicycling) in a low income, urban African American population; 2. to determine overall energy expenditure through all sources of physical activity and specifically transport activity using objective measures (accelerometers) and self-report (telephone survey and activity diaries); and 3. to identify psychosocial determinants (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, norms, values and barriers) of transport activity and leisure time activity in this population. We hypothesize that persons with usual/often levels of transport have lower levels of physical activity overall and specifically lower levels of leisure time activity, will be less likely to achieve recommended levels of physical activity and will have lower self-efficacy to increase their activity levels. Methods: To achieve these aims, we will use focus groups to identify the psychosocial determinants and cognitive response testing to develop questionnaire items for a telephone survey. A quantitative telephone survey will be conducted to determine the association between psychosocial factors and physical activity (specifically transport and leisure time activity). A reliability study will be done to assess the reliability of newly developed survey items. Accelerometry methods will be used to obtain objective measures of daily activity for a seven day period. Public health significance: By understanding the patterns of daily transport activity in an urban African American population and identifying the attitudes, beliefs and norms/values around transport activity, we can design more relevant health messages and programs to increase physical activity and reduce the burden of cancer in this population.