Bimodal Bilingualism

双峰双语

• 批准号: 6943454
• 负责人: KAREN EMMOREY
• 金额: $ 30.37万
• 依托单位: SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2009-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6943454
• 关键词: behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; human subject; multilingualism; neural plasticity; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; psycholinguistics; sign language; speech; symbolism; visual perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Speech-sign bilingualism is exceptional because distinct sensory-motoric modalities allow for the simultaneous production and perception of two languages. Whereas unimodal (speech-speech) bilinguals may code-switch between their two languages, bimodal (speech-sign) bilinguals produce code-blends (simultaneous sign and speech). We investigate the consequences of the sensory-motoric differences in language modality for the psycholinguistics of bilingualism, for the features of co-speech gesture, and for the nature of the bilingual brain. Hearing ASL-English bilinguals will be studied because both languages are naturally accessible in the environment for these individuals. We proceed along three lines of inquiry: I. The psycholinguistics of bimodal bilingualism: Using behavioral tasks, we investigate the architecture of the bilingual lexicon across two modalities, the levels at which a bimodal bilinguars languages are interconnected, and how bimodal bilinguals control their two language systems. We hypothesize that, in general, bimodal and unimodal bilinguals are quite similar, but unique effects of bimodal bilingualism will be found in the recognition and production of code-blends. II. The relation between bimodal bilingualism and co-speech gesture: Unlike code-switching, code-blending shares certain properties with co-speech gesture (the spontaneous gestures that accompany spoken language). For both, meaningful manual gestures are produced simultaneously with speech. We explore 1) parallels and differences between bimodal code blending and unimodal code-switching, 2) parallels and differences between code-blending and co-speech gesture, and 3) the impact of acquiring a signed language on co-speech gesture. III. The cognitive neuropsychology of bimodal bilingualism: Using functional imaging, we address the following questions: What patterns of overlapping and distinct activation are observed for ASL and spoken English at the lexical and sentential levels? How does age of ASL acquisition impact the neural systems recruited during sign comprehension? Does acquisition of two spoken languages early in development differ from early acquisition of a signed and a spoken language with respect to the neural organization of language systems? Does becoming a bimodal bilingual impact the neural organization for non-linguistic visual processing? Answers to these questions will not only inform us about the development of the bilingual brain but will also provide insight into the determinants of neural plasticity and the hemispheric specialization for language.

描述(由申请人提供)：语音-手语双语能力是特殊的，因为不同的感觉-运动模式允许同时产生和感知两种语言。单峰(语音-语音)双语者可以在他们的两种语言之间进行代码转换，而双峰(语音-手语)双语者会产生代码混合(同时使用手语和语音)。我们考察了语言情态的感觉-运动差异对双语心理语言学、联合言语手势特征以及双语大脑性质的影响。听力ASL-英语双语者将被研究，因为这两种语言在这些人的环境中都是自然可接触的。我们沿着三条路线进行研究：一、双峰双语的心理语言学：通过行为任务，我们研究了两种模式的双语词汇的结构，双峰双语者语言相互联系的水平，以及双峰双语者如何控制他们的两种语言系统。我们假设，总体上，双峰和单峰双语者非常相似，但双峰双语的独特效果将在代码混合的识别和产生中发现。双峰双语与共用言语手势的关系：与语码转换不同，语码混合与共用言语手势(伴随口语而来的自发手势)具有某些共同的性质。对于两者来说，有意义的手动手势都是与语音同时产生的。我们探讨了1)双峰语码合成与单峰语码转换的异同，2)语码融合与共用言语手势的异同，3)手语习得对共用言语手势的影响。双峰双语的认知神经心理学：利用功能成像，我们解决了以下问题：ASL和口语在词汇和句子层面上有哪些重叠和不同的激活模式？习得ASL的年龄如何影响在手势理解过程中招募的神经系统？就语言系统的神经组织而言，早期习得两种口语与早期习得一种手语和一种口语有什么不同？成为双峰双语对非语言视觉处理的神经组织有影响吗？对这些问题的回答不仅会让我们了解双语大脑的发展，还会让我们深入了解神经可塑性的决定因素和语言的大脑半球特化。