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Mesoscopic Superfluid 3He

介观超流体 3He

基本信息

批准号：
EP/E001009/1
负责人：
Andrei Golov
金额：
$ 61.12万
依托单位：
University of Manchester
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2006 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FE001009%2F1
关键词：
Mesoscopic Superfluid 3He

项目摘要

Superfluid 3He is the most ordered and pure condensed matter system, as a result various types of quantized vortices and other defects of its order were observed and studied. When superfluid 3He becomes two-dimensional, new types of vortices are expected. While fundamental on its own, understanding of such vortices paves way to our understanding of unconvensional superconductors and cosmic strings. We will study the vortex physics in superfluid 3He of reduced dimensions. The new research direction can be initiated by using a rare combination of expertise from different research groups in the School of Physics and Astronomy. Golov's group has a long-term experience in studies of superfluid helium and possesses a unique rotating cryostat for creating vortices in superfluid 3He. Geim's group will contribute to the project through its direct access to modern microfabrication facilities and extensive expertise in mesoscopic physics, including the physics of vortices in mesoscopic superconductors. We intend to study quantized vortices in thin slabs of superfluid 3He confined by flat boundaries with artificially fabricated periodic arrays of submicron bumps (pinning centres for vortices). The properties of 3He in thin-slab geometry should differ from those of bulk superfluid in many respects, for example, new type of vortices with circulation equal to just one half of circulation quantum are expected. With our rotating cryostat, we will introduce vortices of required density while keeping the 3He below its superfluid transition temperature of 0.9 mK. With arrays of nanofabricated pinning centres, we expect to observe commensurability effects when densities of the arrays of vortices and pinning centres match. This will provide a direct measure of the vortex density and, among other things, should allow us to find out whether vortices can become fractional under certain experimental conditions.

超流3He是最有序、最纯净的凝聚态系统，因此人们观察和研究了它的各种量子化涡旋和其他有序缺陷。当超流3He变成二维时，预计会出现新类型的漩涡。虽然对这种涡旋的理解是基础性的，但它为我们理解非传统的超导体和宇宙弦铺平了道路。我们将研究降维超流3He中的涡旋物理。新的研究方向可以通过使用物理和天文学院不同研究小组的罕见专业知识组合来启动。Golov的团队在超流氦的研究方面有着长期的经验，并拥有一个独特的旋转低温恒温器，用于在超流3He中产生漩涡。盖姆的团队将通过直接使用现代化的微加工设施和介观物理学方面的广泛专业知识，包括介观超导体中的涡旋物理学，为该项目做出贡献。我们打算研究量子化的超流3He的薄板中的涡旋限制与人工制造的周期性阵列的亚微米凸点（钉扎中心的涡旋）的平面边界。3He在薄板几何中的性质应该在许多方面不同于体超流，例如，循环量仅等于循环量子的一半的新型涡旋被期望。随着我们的旋转低温恒温器，我们将引入所需密度的漩涡，同时保持3He低于其超流转变温度0.9 mK。随着纳米制造钉扎中心的阵列，我们希望观察到的涡旋和钉扎中心的阵列的密度匹配时的可伸缩性的影响。这将提供一个直接测量的旋涡密度，除其他事项外，应该让我们找出是否旋涡可以成为分数在某些实验条件下。