The impact of incarceration on partner selection norms and HIV

监禁对伴侣选择规范和艾滋病毒的影响

• 批准号: 7410125
• 负责人: Renee Gindi
• 金额: $ 4.1万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2010-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7410125
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; Adult; Affect; African American; Area; Baltimore; Behavior; Behavioral; Belief; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Characteristics; Cities; Clinic; Communities; Criminal Justice; Development; Drug usage; Education; Family; Female; Gender; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Health; Heterosexuals; Human; Human immunodeficiency virus test; Imprisonment; Individual; Inequality; Intervention; Lead; Life; Link; Literature; Maryland; Measures; Medical Surveillance; Neighborhoods; Numbers; Participant; Perception; Pilot Projects; Poverty; Prevalence; Prevention program; Psychosocial Factor; Questionnaires; Rate; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Personnel; Research Priority; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Sex Behavior; Sexual Partners; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Site; Social Environment; Support of Research; Surveys; System; Testing; Time; United States; Woman; base; behavior change; condoms; male; men; metropolitan; social; theories; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Half of new HIV infections in the United States are among African-Americans. After decades of research focused on individual factors, investigators have concluded that individual behaviors are insufficient to explain the racial disparity in HIV rates. As a result, researchers have turned to focus on social factors that influence HIV risk behaviors. Incarceration is one such factor that disproportionately affects the health of African American individuals, families, and communities, and is associated with HIV infection. Multiple theories have been proposed about the association between incarceration rates and HIV rates. To test one proposed explanation for the association, the applicant will conduct a community-based survey in African American communities in Baltimore, Maryland. More than half of young African-American men in Baltimore are incarcerated or otherwise involved in the criminal justice system, and the metropolitan area has the fifth highest HIV rate in the nation. The incarceration of African-American males makes male partners scarce, and concurrent sexual partnerships with multiple females may become normal for many men. The perception that few male partners are available may promote the belief that men have more power than women in sexual relationships, resulting in less condom use and HIV infection. The study specifically aims to: 1) develop and validate scales to measure social norms about engaging in concurrent sexual partnerships; 2) assess whether psychosocial factors (norms about concurrent partnerships, perception of partner availability, and relationship power) are associated with behavioral risk factors for HIV, such as condom use and concurrent sexual partnerships; and 3 )assess whether these psychosocial factors explain the relationship between incarceration and HIV infection. Male and female adults will be recruited from high- poverty, high-AIDS prevalence areas in Baltimore as part of the CDC National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System study of heterosexuals at high risk of HIV infection. Participants will be tested for HIV, and a standardized questionnaire will collect information from 750 participants about sexual activity, drug use, incarceration status, and other behavioral and partner characteristics. The scale measuring social norms about engaging in concurrent sexual partnerships will be developed in a pilot study in the Baltimore City STD Clinics. National research priorities support research dedicated to understanding the social context of sexual risk behaviors. Identifying how social factors can impact HIV rates will allow for prevention programs that can alter the social environment and ultimately individual HIV risk.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国新感染艾滋病毒的一半是非洲裔美国人。经过几十年专注于个人因素的研究，研究人员得出结论，个人行为不足以解释艾滋病毒感染率的种族差异。因此，研究人员转而关注影响艾滋病毒风险行为的社会因素。监禁是不成比例地影响非裔美国人个人、家庭和社区健康的因素之一，并与艾滋病毒感染有关。关于监禁率和艾滋病毒感染率之间的关系，已经提出了多种理论。为了验证对该协会提出的一种解释，申请人将在马里兰州的巴尔的摩的非裔美国人社区进行一项基于社区的调查。在巴尔的摩，超过一半的非洲裔美国年轻男子被监禁或以其他方式卷入刑事司法系统，大都市地区的艾滋病毒感染率在全国排名第五。非洲裔美国男性的监禁使男性伴侣稀缺，与多个女性同时发生性关系对许多男性来说可能是正常的。很少有男性伴侣的观念可能会促使人们相信在性关系中男子比妇女更有权力，从而导致避孕套使用率降低和艾滋病毒感染率降低。这项研究的具体目的是：1）开发和验证量表，以衡量有关从事并发性伴侣关系的社会规范; 2）评估心理社会因素是否（关于同时性伴侣关系的规范，对伴侣可用性的看法和关系权力）与艾滋病毒的行为风险因素有关，如使用避孕套和同时性伴侣关系;评估这些心理社会因素是否可以解释监禁与HIV感染之间的关系。男性和女性成年人将从巴尔的摩的高贫困、高艾滋病流行地区招募，作为疾病预防控制中心国家艾滋病毒行为监测系统对艾滋病毒感染高风险异性恋者研究的一部分。参与者将接受艾滋病毒检测，标准化问卷将收集750名参与者关于性活动、吸毒、监禁状况以及其他行为和伴侣特征的信息。在巴尔的摩市性病诊所进行的一项试点研究中，将制定衡量同时性伴侣关系社会规范的量表。国家研究优先事项支持致力于了解性风险行为的社会背景的研究。确定社会因素如何影响艾滋病毒感染率将允许预防计划，可以改变社会环境，并最终个人艾滋病毒的风险。