Articulatory Kinematics in Neurogenic Speech Disorders

描述（由申请人提供）：这是一项研究与帕金森病（PD）和肌萎缩侧索硬化（ALS）相关的神经源性言语障碍中言语清晰度缺陷的发音基础的提案。拟议的工作使用X射线微束（发音运动学），语音声学和语音清晰度的措施，以解决一个主要的描述性需求，以及临床和理论相关的假设。对构音障碍患者的语言行为知之甚少，对构音障碍患者的唇和下颌行为的了解仅限于有限类型的言语材料和测量策略。本提案包括各种语音材料，以允许语音产生行为的发音运动学（以及这些运动的语音声学和可懂度结果）的广泛表征。表征关节运动学的一种方式是通过测量关节工作空间（即，范围的参数化）。一个中心假设是，在一方面运动学定义的这些发音工作空间的大小与另一方面声学工作空间的大小和语音清晰度之间存在关系。具体来说，我们测试的想法，在几个方面，发音减少的主要节段的原因与ALS和PD的人的可理解性降低。在第一个资助期内，这一假设已经被证明在两个障碍组中的每一个中的说话者之间保持不变，现在将在神经受损的说话者中进行研究，这些说话者被要求控制语音变量，如速率，响度和清晰度，以便在发音运动的幅度上产生变化。另一个主要的研究领域是确定构音障碍的性质和可能的发音协调障碍。构音障碍通常被描述为具有发音协调障碍的突出组成部分，但是存在的少量相关数据并没有揭示典型教科书描述中可能预期的那种坦率的协调障碍。从第一个资助周期的协调程度的小异常，但一个基本正常的“形式”的协调特定的语音序列的发现将与其他序列的分析，以及纳入这些患者和神经健康对照的发音量表的分析。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a proposal to study the articulatory underpinnings of speech intelligibility deficits in the neurogenic speech disorders associated with Parkinson disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The proposed work uses x-ray microbeam (articulatory kinematic), speech acoustic, and speech intelligibility measures to address a major descriptive need, as well as a clinically- and theoretically-relevant hypothesis. Very little is known about lingual behavior in dysarthrias, and what is known about labial and mandibular behavior in dysarthria is confined to a limited type of speech material and measurement strategy. The present proposal includes a variety of speech materials to allow a broad characterization of articulatory kinematics (and the speech acoustic and intelligibility results of those motions) for speech production behavior. One way in which the articulatory kinematics will be characterized is by means of a measure of articulatory working space (i.e., parameterization of ranges). A central hypothesis is that there is a relationship between the size of these articulatory working spaces defined kinematically on the one hand, and the size of the acoustic working spaces and speech intelligibility on the other hand. Specifically, we test the idea, in several ways, that articulatory reduction is the primary segmental reason for reduced intelligibility in persons with ALS and PD. The hypothesis has been shown in the first funding period to hold across speakers within each of the two disorder groups, and will now be studied within neurologically-impaired speakers who are asked to control speech variables such as rate, loudness, and clarity so as to create variation in the magnitude of articulatory movements. Another major area of study is to identify the nature and possible disorder of articulatory coordination in dysarthria. Dysarthria is often described as having a prominent component of articulatory dyscoordination, but the small amount of relevant data that exist have not revealed the kind of frank coordination disorder that might be expected from typical textbook descriptions. A finding from the first funding cycle of small abnormalities in the degree of coordination, but an essentially-normal 'form' of coordination for a particular phonetic sequence will be followed up with analyses of additional sequences, as well as with the inclusion of analyses of articulatory scale in these patients and in neurologically-healthy controls.