Work characteristics, alcohol use disorders, and occupational injury

说明(由申请人提供)：本提案意在纵向考察工作的结构和心理社会特征及其与其他社会经济因素的相互作用在重度饮酒和酒精使用障碍的发展中所起的作用。此外，还将审查酒精使用特征对职业事故和伤害的贡献，以及除了其他社会经济因素外，这些模式是否可能被职业的结构特征所改变。这项研究将把1979年全国青年纵向调查中可获得的关于工作、教育、社会经济变量和职业伤害的广泛数据与O*Net中描述工作的实质复杂性的职业测量相结合，无论工作是与人还是与物接触，以及职业身体需求。主要目的是：1)评估职业特征(工作的实质复杂性、与人和物的工作以及身体需求)对酗酒和酒精使用障碍风险的影响；评估工作特征对随后的酒精使用结果的直接影响；在饮酒障碍中调解与教育有关的梯度；以及大量饮酒和酒精使用障碍对受试者职业轨迹的相互影响；2)检查酒精消费和酒精使用障碍的发生率和流行率的种族和族裔差异，并评估职业特征的贡献，特别注意黑人和西班牙裔个人的教育程度和工作的实质复杂性之间的差异；3)评估与饮酒过程和时间模式有关的职业伤害的长期风险，使用酒精摄入量和AUDS的纵向测量，并评估发病率、损失的时间和相关成本。将潜在成长轨迹和结构方程模型应用于评价工作特点和职业轨迹，以及它们与饮酒的关系，不仅可以更好地对它们之间的相互关系进行纵向和终生评估，而且还可以对相互关系或反向关系进行建模。这种方法在将注意力集中在工作生活的持续或纵向属性以及从教育到工作的路径方面具有重要意义，这些属性有助于或导致重度或问题饮酒或酒精依赖的模式、职业轨迹以及工作中发生事故和伤害的风险。它可能有助于开发一种将职业轨迹作为评估健康结果的一个组成部分的生命历程模型。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal intends to examine the role that structural and psychosocial characteristics of work, and their interaction with other socioeconomic factors, play in the development of heavy drinking and alcohol use disorders, examined longitudinally. In addition, the contribution of alcohol-use characteristics to occupational accidents and injuries will be examined, and whether these patterns might be modified by structural characteristics of occupation in addition to other socioeconomic factors. This study will integrate the extensive data on work, education, socioeconomic variables, and occupational injury available in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 with occupational measures from the O*NET that describe the substantive complexity of work, whether work engages with people or things, and occupational physical demands. The principal aims are to: 1) evaluate the effects of occupational characteristics (substantive complexity of work, work with people versus things, and physical demands) on the risk of heavy drinking and alcohol-use disorders; assessing direct effects of work characteristics on subsequent alcohol-use outcomes; mediation of education-related gradients in drinking disorders; and reciprocal effects of heavy drinking and alcohol use disorders on the occupational trajectories of subjects; 2) examine racial and ethnic differences in incidence and prevalence of alcohol consumption and alcohol-use disorders, and assess the contribution of occupational characteristics, with particular attention to differentials between educational attainment and the substantive complexity of work in Black and Hispanic individuals; and 3) Evaluate the long-term risk of occupational injuries in association with the course and temporal patterns of alcohol use, using longitudinal measures of alcohol intake and AUDs and assessing incidence, lost time, and associated costs. The application of latent growth trajectory and structural equation modeling to the evaluation of work characteristics and career trajectories, and their relation to alcohol use will not only provide better longitudinal and life-course assessment of their interrelationship, but also allows for the modeling of reciprocal or reversed relationships. This approach can have major significance in focusing attention toward ongoing or longitudinal attributes of working life and the pathways from education to work that contribute to, or result in, patterns of heavy or problem drinking or alcohol dependence, career trajectories, and the risk of accident and injury at work. It may contribute to the development of a life-course model that incorporates occupational trajectories as a component factor in the assessment of health outcomes.