The electrophysiology of human spatial navigation

人体空间导航的电生理学

• 批准号: 7485306
• 负责人: Joshua Jacobs
• 金额: $ 3.4万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-05-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7485306
• 关键词: Alzheimer' s Disease; Animals; Automobile Driving; Base of the Brain; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain imaging; Brain region; Caring; Cells; Clinic; Clinical Treatment; Code; Cognition; Cognitive; Collaborations; Columbidae; Complex; Computers; Data; Drug resistance; Electrophysiology (science); Ensure; Environment; Epilepsy; Figs - dietary; Goals; Head; Heart; Hippocampal Formation; Hippocampus (Brain); Hospitals; Human; Human Characteristics; Imaging Techniques; Invasive; Learning; Link; Literature; Location; Maps; Measures; Medial; Memory; Modeling; Monitor; Multivariate Analysis; Navigation System; Neurons; Neurosurgeon; Operative Surgical Procedures; Outcome; Parahippocampal Gyrus; Parietal Lobe; Patient Monitoring; Patients; Pattern; Pennsylvania; Performance; Phase; Play; Prevalence; Process; Public Health; Rattus; Refractory; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Risk; Rodent; Role; Route; Series; Standards of Weights and Measures; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Universities; Variant; Video Games; Work; analog; base; design; entorhinal cortex; human study; improved; laptop; neuromechanism; psychologic; relating to nervous system; research study; response; species difference; virtual; virtual reality; way finding

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed research seeks to advance our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying human spatial cognition. To accomplish this, I will study recordings from patients undergoing long-term intracranial epilepsy monitoring while they perform a virtual-navigation task. These intracranial recordings provide a unique opportunity to study human cognitive processes with a higher temporal resolution than can be obtained with conventional, noninvasive brain-imaging techniques. My proposed experiments examine the relation between neuronal spiking activity, brain waves (oscillations), and subjects' behavior during several variants of Yellow Cab, a virtual taxi-driver video game. My experiments are performed with the highest standard of care and pose only minimal risks for the patients beyond those already present to treat refractory epilepsy. This research will allow me to link the extensive literature on the electrophysiology of the rodent hippocampal formation during navigation with psychological research on human behavior in spatial tasks. The focus of Aim 1 is to build a functional map of the human brain based on how neurons across different brain regions respond to various aspects of navigational behavior. In particular, in widespread brain regions, I will characterize the prevalence of neurons with sensitivities for place, view, goal, and heading, as well as neurons responding to more complex variables such as "place-by-direction" cells and "grid" cells. Aim 2 probes the temporal relation between these navigation-related neuronal responses and the brain's ongoing theta (4-8 Hz) oscillations. Here, I will test the hypothesis that neurons represent distinct information by the timing of their spiking in relation to ongoing brain oscillations (phase coding), as suggested in recent studies of rodent electrophysiology. Aim 3 examines the neural basis of the observer-centered representations observed when people answer questions about an environment's layout. This will allow me to examine whether the same neural patterns used during navigation are also in use when people are not actively moving. Relevance of this research to public health: One goal of the proposed research is to create a functional map of the human brain during spatial navigation. This has direct relevance to the clinical treatment of epilepsy, in which cognitive mapping during surgical procedures is crucial for ensuring successful post surgical outcome. Furthermore, the proposed research may pave the way for more effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease in which spatial memory is impaired.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究旨在促进我们对人类空间认知的神经机制的理解。为了实现这一点，我将研究接受长期颅内癫痫监测的患者在执行虚拟导航任务时的记录。这些颅内记录提供了一个独特的机会，研究人类的认知过程，具有更高的时间分辨率比传统的，非侵入性的脑成像技术。我提出的实验研究神经元尖峰活动，脑电波（振荡）和受试者的行为之间的关系，在几个变种的黄色出租车，一个虚拟的出租车司机视频游戏。我的实验是在最高标准的护理下进行的，除了已经治疗难治性癫痫的患者之外，对患者造成的风险很小。这项研究将使我能够将导航过程中啮齿动物海马结构电生理学的大量文献与空间任务中人类行为的心理学研究联系起来。Aim 1的重点是基于不同大脑区域的神经元如何响应导航行为的各个方面来构建人脑的功能图。特别是，在广泛的大脑区域，我将描述神经元的流行与敏感性的地方，视图，目标，和标题，以及神经元响应更复杂的变量，如“按方向的地方”细胞和“网格”细胞。目的2探讨这些导航相关的神经元反应和大脑的持续theta（4-8 Hz）振荡之间的时间关系。在这里，我将测试的假设，即神经元代表不同的信息，其尖峰的时间与正在进行的脑振荡（相位编码），在最近的啮齿动物电生理学研究的建议。目标3考察了当人们回答关于环境布局的问题时，观察到的以大脑为中心的表征的神经基础。这将使我能够检查在导航过程中使用的相同神经模式是否也在人们不主动移动时使用。这项研究与公共卫生的相关性：拟议研究的一个目标是在空间导航过程中创建人脑的功能图。这与癫痫的临床治疗直接相关，其中外科手术期间的认知映射对于确保成功的术后结果至关重要。此外，这项研究可能为更有效地治疗空间记忆受损的阿尔茨海默病铺平道路。