Accommodation and the Development of Refractive State

调节和屈光状态的发展

• 批准号: 7394934
• 负责人: DAVID B TROILO
• 金额: $ 3.54万
• 依托单位: NEW ENGLAND COLLEGE OF OPTOMETRY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-07-01 至 2008-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7394934
• 关键词: Address; Adverse effects; Affect; American; Ametropias; Animal Model; Animals; Blindness; Callithrix; Clinical; Condition; Cues; Depth; Development; Educational Background; Experimental Animal Model; Eye; Eye Development; Financial compensation; Genetic; Growth; Growth and Development function; Human; Image; Incidence; Investigation; Length; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Modeling; Myopia; Nature; Optics; Peripheral; Primates; Range; Refractive Errors; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Retina; Retinal; Risk Factors; Scanning; Shapes; Signal Transduction; United States; Visual; Visual Accommodation; Visual Acuity; design; emmetropization; experience; lens; literacy; postnatal; prevent; programs; research study; response; size; spatial integration; visual control; visual process; visual processing; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Myopia (nearsightedness) is on the rise around the world and in the United States. It affects tens-of-millions of Americans and, in progressive forms, is a leading cause of blindness. Earlier research with humans and experimental animal models has shown that the postnatal development of the eye and its refractive state involves a combination of genetic and visual factors. The rising incidence of myopia in humans has been associated with increases in literacy and levels of education, although the nature of the relationship is unclear and predicting who will become myopic is difficult. Research using animal models has established that visual stimuli related to retinal defocus are used to regulate eye growth and refractive state. The principal aim of this proposal is to explore the spatial and temporal integration of the visual signal that drives eye growth. We will examine how eye shape, the optical quality of the eye, and accommodation interact and may affect that signal. An additional line of investigation will examine how visual acuity is affected by experimental manipulations that alter eye growth and refractive state. The specific aims and questions being asked in this proposal are the following: Aim 1. Characterize changes in eye shape, peripheral refraction, and off-axis optics during experimentally-induced refractive errors. Do differences in eye shape, and the peripheral refractive states associated with them, make the eye more susceptible to developing a refractive error? How, in turn, is eye shape affected by the development of refractive errors? Aim 2. Examine the spatial integration of peripheral retinal defocus for the regulation of eye size and refractive state. Is refractive state in the retinal periphery important for the visual control of eye growth and the development of refractive error? Is there local eye growth in the primate, and can it influence axial length and refractive state on-axis? Aim 3. Examine the effects of brief periods of controlled focus on the regulation of eye size and refractive state. How does the primate eye temporally integrate visual defocus signals that affect eye growth? How does emmetropization function given that accommodation alters retinal defocus from moment-to-moment and potentially removes hyperopic defocus cues? Aim 4. Correlate changes in visual acuity with induced changes in eye growth and refractive state. Do lens-induced refractive changes affect visual acuity in marmosets? Can compensation for visually induced defocus take place without changes in visual acuity?

描述（由申请人提供）：近视（近视）在世界各地和美国正在上升。它影响了数千万的美国人，并以渐进的形式影响失明的主要原因。早期对人类和实验动物模型的研究表明，眼睛的产后发育及其折射状态涉及遗传因素和视觉因素的结合。近视人在人类中的发生率上升与识字和教育水平的提高有关，尽管这种关系的性质尚不清楚，并且可以预测谁将变成近视。使用动物模型的研究确定，与视网膜散焦有关的视觉刺激用于调节眼睛的生长和屈光态。该提案的主要目的是探索驱动眼睛生长的视觉信号的空间和时间整合。我们将研究眼睛形状，眼睛的光学质量以及适应性相互作用，并可能影响该信号。另一项调查将研究视力如何受到改变眼睛生长和折射状态的实验操作的影响。在本提案中提出的具体目的和问题如下：目标1。在实验引起的折射误差期间，眼睛形状，外周折射和离轴光学的变化表征。眼睛形状的差异以及与之相关的外周折射状态是否使眼睛更容易出现折射误差？反过来，如何受到折射误差发展影响的眼睛形状？目标2。检查外周视网膜散热器的空间整合，以调节眼睛尺寸和折射状态。视网膜外围的折射状态对于眼睛生长的视觉控制和折射误差的发展重要吗？灵长类动物中是否有局部眼睛的生长，并且会影响轴向长度和折射状态吗？ AIM 3。检查对眼睛大小和折射状态的调节的短暂关注时期的短期影响。灵长类动物的眼睛如何在时间上整合影响眼睛生长的视觉散焦信号？给定适应性的弹性化功能如何改变视网膜从瞬间到时的视网膜散焦，并有可能消除远视散热性提示？ AIM 4。将视力的变化与诱发的眼睛生长和折射状态的变化相关。透镜诱导的折射变化会影响果果中的视力吗？视觉诱导的散焦的补偿可以发生而不会改变视力吗？