Noise Exposure in Subway Riders

地铁乘客的噪音暴露

• 批准号: 7469922
• 负责人: ROBYN R.M. GERSHON
• 金额: $ 24.15万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-15 至 2010-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7469922
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adult; Advisory Committees; Affect; Age; Age-Years; Aging; American; Audiometry; Biological Models; Censuses; Child; Childhood; Chinese People; Clinical; Collaborations; Communities; Community Participation; Comprehension; Coupled; Data; Eligibility Determination; Employment; Environment; Exposure to; Feasibility Studies; Future; Grant; Growth; Guidelines; Health; Health Policy; Health Status; Hearing; Incentives; Individual; Intercept; Knowledge; Language; Leisure Activities; Letters; Life; Literature; Living Wills; Measurement; Measures; Medical; Mental Health; Methodology; Methods; Metric; Minority Groups; Neighborhoods; New York; New York City; Noise; Noise-Induced Hearing Loss; Numbers; Occupational; Occupational Exposure; Participant; Peer Review; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Phase; Pilot Projects; Polishes; Population; Populations at Risk; Principal Investigator; Public Health; Publishing; Purpose; Questionnaires; Range; Rate; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Assessment; Safety; Sampling; Seasons; Self-Administered; Sorting - Cell Movement; Source; Specialist; Speech; Standards of Weights and Measures; Subway; Surveys; System; Technology; Time; Translational Research; United States; Urban Health; Urban Population; Week; Work; authority; base; cost; day; design; dosimetry; experience; hearing impairment; improved; instrument; interest; member; metropolitan; novel; occupational health/safety; residence; time use; tool; urban area; volunteer

DESCRIPTION (provided by principal investigator): Project Summary Excessive noise in the urban setting is a topic of increasing public health concern. Mass transit, and aging subway systems, in particular, are prime sources of urban noise. Yet the risk associated with subway noise is understudied and risk assessment data on subway-related noise exposure are exceptionally limited. As an important first step in our research team's trajectory of assessing urban noise associated with mass transit, we conducted environmental noise sampling of the NYC subway system. Noise levels inside subway cars and on subway platforms were in excess of standard recommended levels; for some of the levels measured, the recommended community exposure limits are as little as 1.5min per 24hrs. To estimate the ridership's risk of potential noise exposure, which is a function of both noise level and exposure duration, we recently conducted a feasibility study. Using a modified street intercept recruitment methodology, preliminary data were obtained from nearly 1100 attendees at neighborhood street fairs. The sample was diverse (26 percent were racial/ethnic minorities, mean age was 43yrs, range 18-89yrs) and representative of NYC census data. 27 percent of the sample reported no subway ridership; for participants that did ride the subways, the mean duration (time spent on platforms and inside subway cars) was 1.98 hrs/day, for an average of 5 days/week (max 7.0 hrs/day, median 1.75 hrs/day, mode 1.20 hr/day). When combined with pilot measurements of subway noise, the preliminary mean subway exposure duration of 1.98 hrs yields a 24-hr average exposure level that substantially exceeds the guidelines for community noise exposure published by the U.S. E.P.A. even without considering other sources of exposure. To characterize the contribution of subway noise to total noise exposure in an urban population, we propose a two-year, four-phase, transdisciplinary risk assessment study of NYC community members. The purpose of this R21 exploratory study is fourfold: (1) to characterize subway and other highly variable mass transit environments using time-integrated dosimetry, (2) to estimate current subway-related noise duration among a large (N=5000) sample of diverse NYC community members representing a range of subway ridership (from none to extensive) using a self-administered questionnaire, (3) to determine total (combined) noise exposure from three major sources (subway and other mass transit related, work and leisure-time) and to determine the contribution of subway noise to total noise exposure, and (4) to compare these exposures to recommended allowable community-level exposure levels. Using validated instruments, duration of work and leisure time activities data will be obtained from questionnaires and noise levels for the various work/leisure activities will be obtained from well validated peer reviewed documents. The findings from this study will not only provide important new information but also the context for the design of urban noise studies which will have translational research implications for public health policy and practice. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This study will determine the risk of excessive noise exposure associated with subway and other mass transit- ridership in a population of urban New York City community members. The population at potential risk in NYC alone is in excess of 3 million riders; nationwide, more than 10 million riders use subway systems that are 75 years old or greater. This study has translational implications for public health policy and practice.

描述（由主要研究者提供）：项目概述城市环境中的过度噪音是一个日益引起公众健康关注的话题。公共交通，尤其是老化的地铁系统，是城市噪音的主要来源。然而，与地铁噪音有关的风险研究不足，与地铁有关的噪音暴露的风险评估数据非常有限。作为我们研究团队评估与公共交通相关的城市噪声轨迹的重要第一步，我们对纽约地铁系统进行了环境噪声采样。地铁汽车内和地铁站台上的噪音水平超过了标准推荐水平;对于一些测量的水平，推荐的社区暴露限值低至每24小时1.5分钟。为了评估乘客可能受到噪音影响的风险，我们最近进行了一项可行性研究。使用修改后的街头拦截招聘方法，从近1100名参加邻里街头集市的初步数据。样本是多样化的（26%是种族/少数民族，平均年龄为43岁，范围18- 89岁），并代表纽约市人口普查数据。27%的样本报告没有地铁乘客;对于确实乘坐地铁的参与者，平均持续时间（在站台和地铁汽车内花费的时间）为1.98小时/天，平均每周5天（最大7.0小时/天，中位数1.75小时/天，模式1.20小时/天）。当与地铁噪音的试点测量相结合时，1.98小时的初步平均地铁暴露持续时间产生了24小时的平均暴露水平，大大超过了美国环境保护局公布的社区噪音暴露指南。 即使不考虑其他暴露源。为了描述地铁噪声对城市人群总噪声暴露的贡献，我们提出了一个为期两年，四个阶段，跨学科的纽约市社区成员的风险评估研究。这项R21探索性研究的目的有四个：（1）使用时间积分剂量学来表征地铁和其他高度可变的公共交通环境，（2）在代表一系列地铁乘客的不同纽约市社区成员的大样本（N=5000）中估计当前与地铁相关的噪声持续时间（从无到广泛）使用自填式问卷，（3）确定总三大噪声源的噪声暴露（合并）（地铁和其他与公共交通有关的工作和休闲时间），并确定地铁噪声对总噪声暴露的贡献，以及（4）将这些暴露与建议的允许社区水平暴露水平进行比较。使用经验证的仪器，将从调查问卷中获得工作和休闲时间活动的持续时间数据，并从经充分验证的同行评审文件中获得各种工作/休闲活动的噪声水平。这项研究的结果不仅将提供重要的新信息，而且还将为城市噪声研究的设计提供背景，这将对公共卫生政策和实践产生转化研究的影响。公共卫生关系：这项研究将确定与地铁和其他公共交通相关的过度噪声暴露的风险-在城市纽约市社区成员的人口中的乘客量。仅纽约市就有超过300万乘客面临潜在风险;在全国范围内，超过1000万乘客使用75岁或以上的地铁系统。这项研究对公共卫生政策和实践具有转化意义。