Noise Exposure in Subway Riders

地铁乘客的噪音暴露

• 批准号: 7469922
• 负责人: ROBYN R.M. GERSHON
• 金额: $ 24.15万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-15 至 2010-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7469922
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adult; Advisory Committees; Affect; Age; Age-Years; Aging; American; Audiometry; Biological Models; Censuses; Child; Childhood; Chinese People; Clinical; Collaborations; Communities; Community Participation; Comprehension; Coupled; Data; Eligibility Determination; Employment; Environment; Exposure to; Feasibility Studies; Future; Grant; Growth; Guidelines; Health; Health Policy; Health Status; Hearing; Incentives; Individual; Intercept; Knowledge; Language; Leisure Activities; Letters; Life; Literature; Living Wills; Measurement; Measures; Medical; Mental Health; Methodology; Methods; Metric; Minority Groups; Neighborhoods; New York; New York City; Noise; Noise-Induced Hearing Loss; Numbers; Occupational; Occupational Exposure; Participant; Peer Review; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Phase; Pilot Projects; Polishes; Population; Populations at Risk; Principal Investigator; Public Health; Publishing; Purpose; Questionnaires; Range; Rate; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Assessment; Safety; Sampling; Seasons; Self-Administered; Sorting - Cell Movement; Source; Specialist; Speech; Standards of Weights and Measures; Subway; Surveys; System; Technology; Time; Translational Research; United States; Urban Health; Urban Population; Week; Work; authority; base; cost; day; design; dosimetry; experience; hearing impairment; improved; instrument; interest; member; metropolitan; novel; occupational health/safety; residence; time use; tool; urban area; volunteer

DESCRIPTION (provided by principal investigator): Project Summary Excessive noise in the urban setting is a topic of increasing public health concern. Mass transit, and aging subway systems, in particular, are prime sources of urban noise. Yet the risk associated with subway noise is understudied and risk assessment data on subway-related noise exposure are exceptionally limited. As an important first step in our research team's trajectory of assessing urban noise associated with mass transit, we conducted environmental noise sampling of the NYC subway system. Noise levels inside subway cars and on subway platforms were in excess of standard recommended levels; for some of the levels measured, the recommended community exposure limits are as little as 1.5min per 24hrs. To estimate the ridership's risk of potential noise exposure, which is a function of both noise level and exposure duration, we recently conducted a feasibility study. Using a modified street intercept recruitment methodology, preliminary data were obtained from nearly 1100 attendees at neighborhood street fairs. The sample was diverse (26 percent were racial/ethnic minorities, mean age was 43yrs, range 18-89yrs) and representative of NYC census data. 27 percent of the sample reported no subway ridership; for participants that did ride the subways, the mean duration (time spent on platforms and inside subway cars) was 1.98 hrs/day, for an average of 5 days/week (max 7.0 hrs/day, median 1.75 hrs/day, mode 1.20 hr/day). When combined with pilot measurements of subway noise, the preliminary mean subway exposure duration of 1.98 hrs yields a 24-hr average exposure level that substantially exceeds the guidelines for community noise exposure published by the U.S. E.P.A. even without considering other sources of exposure. To characterize the contribution of subway noise to total noise exposure in an urban population, we propose a two-year, four-phase, transdisciplinary risk assessment study of NYC community members. The purpose of this R21 exploratory study is fourfold: (1) to characterize subway and other highly variable mass transit environments using time-integrated dosimetry, (2) to estimate current subway-related noise duration among a large (N=5000) sample of diverse NYC community members representing a range of subway ridership (from none to extensive) using a self-administered questionnaire, (3) to determine total (combined) noise exposure from three major sources (subway and other mass transit related, work and leisure-time) and to determine the contribution of subway noise to total noise exposure, and (4) to compare these exposures to recommended allowable community-level exposure levels. Using validated instruments, duration of work and leisure time activities data will be obtained from questionnaires and noise levels for the various work/leisure activities will be obtained from well validated peer reviewed documents. The findings from this study will not only provide important new information but also the context for the design of urban noise studies which will have translational research implications for public health policy and practice. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This study will determine the risk of excessive noise exposure associated with subway and other mass transit- ridership in a population of urban New York City community members. The population at potential risk in NYC alone is in excess of 3 million riders; nationwide, more than 10 million riders use subway systems that are 75 years old or greater. This study has translational implications for public health policy and practice.

描述（由主要研究者提供）：项目总结城市环境中的过度噪音是一个日益引起公众健康关注的话题。特别是公共交通和老化的地铁系统，是城市噪音的主要来源。然而，与地铁噪声相关的风险研究不足，地铁噪声暴露风险评估数据非常有限。作为我们研究团队评估与公共交通相关的城市噪声轨迹的重要第一步，我们对纽约市地铁系统进行了环境噪声采样。地铁车厢内及地铁月台的噪音水平超过标准建议水平；对于某些测量到的水平，建议的社区接触限值低至每24小时1.5分钟。我们最近进行了一项可行性研究，以估计乘客的潜在噪音暴露风险，这是噪音水平和暴露时间的函数。使用改进的街道拦截招募方法，从社区街头集市的近1100名参与者中获得初步数据。样本是多样化的（26%是种族/少数民族，平均年龄为43岁，年龄范围为18-89岁），代表了纽约市的人口普查数据。27%的受访者表示没有乘坐地铁；对于那些确实乘坐地铁的参与者，平均持续时间（在站台和地铁车厢内花费的时间）为1.98小时/天，平均每周5天（最长7.0小时/天，中位数1.75小时/天，最长1.20小时/天）。当与地铁噪音的试点测量相结合时，初步的平均地铁暴露时间为1.98小时，即使不考虑其他暴露源，24小时的平均暴露水平也大大超过了美国环保署公布的社区噪音暴露指导方针。为了描述地铁噪声对城市人口总噪声暴露的贡献，我们提出了一项为期两年、分四阶段的纽约市社区成员跨学科风险评估研究。本R21探索性研究的目的有四个方面：(1)使用时间积分剂量法表征地铁和其他高度可变的公共交通环境；(2)使用自我管理的问卷调查，在代表地铁乘客范围（从无到广泛）的纽约市不同社区成员的大型（N=5000）样本中估计当前与地铁相关的噪音持续时间；(3)确定来自三个主要来源（地铁和其他公共交通相关）的总（综合）噪音暴露；工作和休闲时间)，并确定地铁噪声对总噪声暴露的贡献，以及(4)将这些暴露与建议的允许社区暴露水平进行比较。使用经过验证的仪器，工作和休闲活动的持续时间数据将从问卷中获得，各种工作/休闲活动的噪音水平将从经过验证的同行评审文件中获得。这项研究的结果不仅将提供重要的新信息，而且还将为城市噪声研究的设计提供背景，这将对公共卫生政策和实践产生转化研究影响。公共健康相关性：本研究将确定纽约市城市社区成员乘坐地铁和其他公共交通工具时过度暴露于噪音的风险。仅纽约市就有300多万乘客面临潜在风险；在全国范围内，有超过1000万的乘客使用75年或以上的地铁系统。本研究对公共卫生政策和实践具有转化意义。