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Molecular mechanisms controlling stem cell behavior in stomatal development

控制气孔发育中干细胞行为的分子机制

基本信息

批准号：
7369640
负责人：
Jeanette A Nadeau
金额：
$ 4万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2008-05-19 至 2009-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7369640
关键词：
Academic Research Enhancement Awards Adoption Animals Apoptosis Arabidopsis Behavior Behavior Control Biogenesis Biological Models Cell Communication Cell Fate Control Cell Lineage Cell Maintenance Cell division Cell physiology Cells Characteristics Class Clinical Communities Control Locus Crohn&apos s disease Decision Making Development Economics Ectopic Expression Endopeptidases Environment Epidermis Equilibrium Event Family Florida Funding Gases Gene Expression Genes Genetic Goals Health Histocompatibility Testing Human Hypothyroidism Infection Inflammation Injury Lateral Lead Leucine-Rich Repeat Location Maintenance Malignant Neoplasms Mediating Meristem Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases Molecular Molecular Genetics Molecular Profiling Multipotent Stem Cells Mutation Nerve Regeneration Organ Pathway interactions Pattern Peptide Hydrolases Peptide Signal Sequences Peptides Phenotype Phosphotransferases Photosynthesis Plant Epidermis Plant Leaves Plant Stems Plants Pluripotent Stem Cells Polycystic Kidney Diseases Positioning Attribute Preparation Process Proteins Research Role Signal Pathway Signal Transduction Stem cells Stomas Stroke Structure Students Subtilisin Subtilisins System Therapeutic Tissues Undifferentiated United States National Institutes of Health Universities Water Yang base cell behavior cell type clinically significant density experience gene function genetic analysis human disease insight intercellular communication leucine-rich repeat protein loss of function mutant paralogous gene plant growth/development precursor cell programs promoter receptor receptor function research study stem cell fate transcription factor

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of this research is to understand the principles underlying patterning of cell types in the plant epidermis, and in particular the function of stem cells in development. Because plant cells do not migrate, patterns of cell division and position-based mechanisms of cell fate choice are critical to tissue patterning. Stomata are used as a model system because they present a unique opportunity to examine how stem cell maintenance, asymmetric division, cell fate choice, and positional signaling contribute to the tissue-building process in determinant organs. Stomata are conspicuous epidermal structures composed of two guard cells that function as turgor-operated valves to control gas exchange and water loss. In Arabidopsis, they are spaced non-randomly with a minimum of one intervening epidermal cell between each. This non- random spacing is accomplished by strict control of both the spatial location and polarity of asymmetric divisions forming new precursors that arise between pre- existing stomata as the leaf grows. Correct execution of patterning divisions and regulated precursor behavior requires cell-cell communication of positional information through a signaling pathway that includes both leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RLKs) of the ERECTA family, the LRR receptor-like protein TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM), the subtilisin-like processing protease STOMATAL DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION 1 (SDD1) a MAPKK Kinase cascade (YODA, etc). There is currently a large gap in understanding the molecular genetic control of precursor (stem cell) fate in the stomatal cell lineage and epidermal patterning. Here we propose to characterize two genes that were identified by global expression profiling of tmm mutant and wild-type tissues. The specific aims of this project are to investigate the roles of these genes using loss- of-function and ectopic expression phenotypes, patterns of expression, and genetic interactions with other loci controlling stomatal biogenesis. Ultimately, we aim to build a framework to better understand how signaling from surrounding cells maintains or inhibits stem cell fate. The proposed research may provide insight into the molecular characteristics of both plant and animal stem cells, as well as how stem cells are maintained in an indeterminate state by positional signals emanating from the local environment ( niche signals ). Many human diseases (Crohn's disease, polycystic kidney disease, hypothyroidism, etc.) as well as clinical challenges (e.g. neural regeneration after traumatic injury or stroke, inflammation, apoptosis and cancer biogenesis, etc.) are directly caused or impacted by the function of LRR- receptors. A better understanding of how LRR-receptors function in signaling pathways may provide new perspectives on the function of this class of medically-relevant proteins.

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究的长期目标是了解植物表皮细胞类型模式的基本原理，特别是干细胞在发育过程中的功能。由于植物细胞不迁移，细胞分裂模式和基于位置的细胞命运选择机制对于组织模式至关重要。气孔被用作模型系统，因为它们提供了一个独特的机会来检查干细胞维持、不对称分裂、细胞命运选择和位置信号如何促进决定性器官的组织构建过程。气孔是显着的表皮结构，由两个保卫细胞组成，充当压力控制阀来控制气体交换和水分流失。在拟南芥中，它们是非随机间隔的，每个细胞之间至少有一个介入表皮细胞。这种非随机间隔是通过严格控制不对称分裂的空间位置和极性来实现的，这些不对称分裂形成随着叶子生长而在预先存在的气孔之间出现的新前体。正确执行模式分裂和调节前体行为需要通过信号通路进行位置信息的细胞间通讯，该信号通路包括 ERECTA 家族的富含亮氨酸重复受体激酶 (LRR-RLK)、LRR 受体样蛋白 TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM)、枯草杆菌蛋白酶样加工蛋白酶气孔密度和分布 1 (SDD1)、MAPKK 激酶级联 (YODA， ETC）。目前，在理解气孔细胞谱系和表皮图案中前体（干细胞）命运的分子遗传控制方面存在很大差距。在这里，我们建议表征通过 tmm 突变体和野生型组织的全局表达谱鉴定的两个基因。该项目的具体目标是利用功能丧失和异位表达表型、表达模式以及与控制气孔生物发生的其他基因座的遗传相互作用来研究这些基因的作用。最终，我们的目标是建立一个框架，以更好地了解周围细胞的信号传导如何维持或抑制干细胞的命运。拟议的研究可以深入了解植物和动物干细胞的分子特征，以及干细胞如何通过局部环境发出的位置信号（生态位信号）维持在不确定状态。许多人类疾病（克罗恩病、多囊肾病、甲状腺功能减退症等）以及临床挑战（例如外伤或中风后的神经再生、炎症、细胞凋亡和癌症生物发生等）都是由LRR受体的功能直接引起或影响的。更好地了解 LRR 受体如何在信号通路中发挥作用可能会为此类医学相关蛋白质的功能提供新的视角。