Regulation of Snail in breast cancer progression and metastasis

描述（由申请人提供）：约90%的乳腺癌死亡是由转移引起的，转移性乳腺癌患者的中位生存时间约为2年。因此，了解乳腺癌转移的启动和进展的机制对于预防和治疗乳腺癌非常重要。我们的长期目标是通过了解乳腺癌转移的分子机制来降低乳腺癌转移的发生率。Snail作为上皮-间质转化（EMT）的总开关和转移的起始步骤，在转移的启动和发展中起着关键作用。Snail的过表达与乳腺癌的分级和淋巴结转移有关，但其机制尚不清楚。我们最近发现Snail的活性主要受其蛋白质稳定性和细胞定位的调节。使用无偏的方法-串联阵列纯化（TAP）结合质谱分析，我们确定了蜗牛与EPLINb（上皮蛋白在肿瘤中丢失）的相互作用。我们发现EPLINP的下调与乳腺癌细胞系和转移性乳腺癌标本中Snail的上调相关。我们进一步证明了EPLINb的表达诱导Snail的降解并解除Snail介导的E-钙粘蛋白启动子的抑制。我们的建议的中心假设是EPLINb作为Snail的负调节剂发挥作用，并且乳腺癌中EPLINb的缺失诱导Snail的稳定和核定位，从而触发乳腺癌进展和转移。本研究的目的是阐明EPLINb对Snail在乳腺癌中的功能调节，并探讨EPLINb和Snail作为乳腺癌转移标志物的预后价值。在强有力的初步数据的指导下，我们将通过追求三个具体目标来检验这一假设：（1）描绘Snail和EPLINb上它们的关联所需的区域;（2）确定EPLINb的缺失是否增强Snail的稳定性;以及（3）定义Snail和EPLINb在小鼠和人乳腺癌中的功能调节。我们的建议是创新的，对公共卫生具有重要意义，因为从这项研究中获得的知识将扩大对转移的开始和进展的理解，并为预防和治疗乳腺癌的新干预措施带来巨大希望。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Approximately 90% of breast cancer deaths are caused by metastasis, and the median survival time for patients with metastatic breast cancer is approximately 2 years. Therefore, an understanding of the mechanisms at work in the initiation and progression of metastasis is important for prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Our long-term goal is to reduce the incidence of breast cancer metastasis by gaining an understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the initial step of breast cancer metastasis. As the master switch for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the initial step of metastasis, Snail plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of metastasis. Overexpression of Snail correlates with tumor grade and nodal metastasis of breast cancer, but the mechanism remains unclear. We recently demonstrated that the activity of Snail is regulated mainly by its protein stability and cellular location. Using an unbiased approach-tandem array purification (TAP) coupled with mass spectrometry analysis, we identified the interaction of Snail with EPLINb (Epithelial Protein Lost in Neoplasm). We found that downregulation of EPLINP correlated with the upregulation of Snail in breast cancer cell lines and metastatic breast cancer specimens. We further demonstrated that expression of EPLINb induces degradation of Snail and relieves suppression of the E-cadherin promoter mediated by Snail. The central hypothesis of our proposal is that EPLINb functions as a negative regulator for Snail and that loss of EPLINb in breast cancer induces the stabilization and nuclear localization of Snail, thus triggering breast cancer progression and metastasis. The objective of this proposal is to decipher the functional regulation of Snail by EPLINb in breast cancer and explore the prognostic value of EPLINb and Snail as markers of metastasis in breast cancer. Guided by strong preliminary data, we will test this hypothesis by pursuing three specific aims: (1) to delineate the regions on Snail and EPLINb required for their association; (2) to determine whether the loss of EPLINb enhances the stabilization of Snail; and (3) to define the functional regulation of Snail and EPLINb in mouse and human breast cancer. Our proposal is innovative and significant to public health because knowledge gained from this study will expand the understanding of the initiation and progression of metastasis and holds great promise for novel interventions for preventing and treating breast cancer.