Linking Personality and SES Influences on Lifespan Health

描述(由申请人提供)：在这份K08指导职业发展奖的申请中，罗切斯特大学医学中心(URMC)的心理学家Ben Chapman博士建议整合人格心理学和社会流行病学的方法，研究基于社会经济学(SES)的后半生健康差距。提出了一项全面的教育计划、原始数据收集和对现有数据集的二次分析，旨在使申请者成为一名领先的调查者，了解寿命健康轨迹中的社会分层如何受到个人个性的影响。他将接受社会流行病学、健康和老龄化以及多层次统计方面的正式培训，通过正规的课程作业，并与国家公认的这些领域的专家团队一起指导教学。查普曼博士的研究项目在生命过程流行病学的概念框架下，综合了社会流行病学和人格与健康的理论和发现，提出了两个科学目标。本研究的目的是研究人格与影响健康行为的自尊因素与后半生的一般疾病负担之间的相互作用。新的数据收集侧重于在社会经济贫困的条件下人格如何影响健康，涉及18-24个月的跟踪调查，对目前正在积累的不同种族、社会经济地位较低的中年人和老年人的试点队列(N=106)进行跟踪调查。这将为查普曼博士提供宝贵的经验，在短时间内跟踪一小群人，为更大规模的研究做准备，并获得现有数据来源中罕见的健康数据，如炎症生物标志物。选择现有的数据源是为了获得关于个性、SES和健康的纵向信息，从而允许对美国中年发展、夏威夷文化和健康以及初级保健中的老年成年人进行强有力的假设检验。从公共卫生的角度来看，寿命健康与社会不平等密切相关；但并不是所有处于不利地位的人都遭受更大的痛苦，也不是所有处于有利地位的人随着年龄的增长都享有更好的健康。关注个体的心理和行为倾向有助于理解这种异质性。将个性和社会流行病学结合起来，将更好地阐明健康老龄化中人与社会结构之间的界面。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In this K08 Mentored Career Development Award application, Ben Chapman, PhD, a psychologist at the University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), proposes to integrate approaches from personality psychology and social epidemiology to study socioeconomically (SES) based health disparities across the latter part of life. Proposed are a comprehensive educational plan, original data collection, and secondary analyses of existing datasets designed to equip the applicant to become a leading investigator of how the social stratification in lifespan health trajectories is influenced by individual personality. He will receive formal training in social epidemiology, health and aging, and multilevel statistics through formal coursework and mentored didactics with a team of nationally recognized experts in these areas. Dr. Chapman's research program proposes two scientific aims, based on a synthesis of theory and findings from social epidemiology and personality and health, under a conceptual framework of life course epidemiology. The Aims examine the interaction between personality and SES factors influencing health behaviors and general illness burden across the second half of life. New data collection focuses on how personality influences health under conditions of socioeconomic deprivation, involving 18-24 month follow up of a pilot cohort (N=106) of ethnically diverse, lower SES middle age and older adults currently being accrued. This will provide Dr. Chapman with valuable experience following a small cohort over a short time, in preparation for larger studies, and obtain health data rare in existing data sources, like inflammatory biomarkers. Existing data sources are selected for longitudinal information on personality, SES, and health, permitting well-powered hypothesis tests over the Midlife Development in the US, Hawaii Culture and Health, and Older Adults in Primary Care studies. From a public health view, lifespan health is powerfully tied to social inequalities; but not all disadvantaged people suffer worse, and not all advantaged people enjoy better health as they age. Attention to individual psychological and behavioral dispositions can aid understanding of this heterogeneity. Blending personality and social epidemiology will better illuminate the interface between person and social structure in healthy aging.