Linking Personality and SES Influences on Lifespan Health

描述（由申请人提供）：在这份K08指导职业发展奖申请中，罗切斯特大学医学中心（URMC）的心理学家Ben Chapman博士建议将人格心理学和社会流行病学的方法结合起来，研究基于社会经济（SES）的后半生健康差异。拟提供全面的教育计划、原始资料收集及对现有资料集的二次分析，旨在使申请人成为研究个人人格如何影响生命健康轨迹的社会分层的主要研究者。他将接受社会流行病学、健康和老龄化以及多层次统计方面的正式培训，并在这些领域的国家公认专家团队的指导下进行正式课程和教学。查普曼博士的研究项目在生命历程流行病学的概念框架下，基于社会流行病学和人格与健康的理论和发现的综合，提出了两个科学目标。目的研究人格和社会经济地位因素之间的相互作用，影响健康行为和后半生的一般疾病负担。新的数据收集侧重于在社会经济剥夺条件下人格如何影响健康，涉及对一个试点队列（N=106）进行18-24个月的随访，该队列目前正在积累种族多样化，社会经济地位较低的中年和老年人。这将为查普曼博士提供宝贵的经验，在短时间内跟踪一个小队列，为更大规模的研究做准备，并获得现有数据源中罕见的健康数据，如炎症生物标志物。现有的数据来源被选择用于人格、社会经济地位和健康的纵向信息，允许对美国中年发展、夏威夷文化和健康以及初级保健研究中的老年人进行强有力的假设检验。从公共卫生的角度来看，终身健康与社会不平等密切相关；但并不是所有的弱势群体都会遭受更大的痛苦，也不是所有的优势群体都会随着年龄的增长而享有更好的健康。对个体心理和行为倾向的关注有助于理解这种异质性。将人格与社会流行病学相结合，可以更好地阐明健康老龄化中人与社会结构之间的界面关系。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In this K08 Mentored Career Development Award application, Ben Chapman, PhD, a psychologist at the University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), proposes to integrate approaches from personality psychology and social epidemiology to study socioeconomically (SES) based health disparities across the latter part of life. Proposed are a comprehensive educational plan, original data collection, and secondary analyses of existing datasets designed to equip the applicant to become a leading investigator of how the social stratification in lifespan health trajectories is influenced by individual personality. He will receive formal training in social epidemiology, health and aging, and multilevel statistics through formal coursework and mentored didactics with a team of nationally recognized experts in these areas. Dr. Chapman's research program proposes two scientific aims, based on a synthesis of theory and findings from social epidemiology and personality and health, under a conceptual framework of life course epidemiology. The Aims examine the interaction between personality and SES factors influencing health behaviors and general illness burden across the second half of life. New data collection focuses on how personality influences health under conditions of socioeconomic deprivation, involving 18-24 month follow up of a pilot cohort (N=106) of ethnically diverse, lower SES middle age and older adults currently being accrued. This will provide Dr. Chapman with valuable experience following a small cohort over a short time, in preparation for larger studies, and obtain health data rare in existing data sources, like inflammatory biomarkers. Existing data sources are selected for longitudinal information on personality, SES, and health, permitting well-powered hypothesis tests over the Midlife Development in the US, Hawaii Culture and Health, and Older Adults in Primary Care studies. From a public health view, lifespan health is powerfully tied to social inequalities; but not all disadvantaged people suffer worse, and not all advantaged people enjoy better health as they age. Attention to individual psychological and behavioral dispositions can aid understanding of this heterogeneity. Blending personality and social epidemiology will better illuminate the interface between person and social structure in healthy aging.