Family of Origin Bilingualism and ADRD: An Epidemiologic Study of 377,000 Older Adults in the US

项目摘要/摘要：双语与阿尔茨海默病之间联系的证据和相关 精神障碍(ADRD)是混合的，由一系列研究设计引起。几乎没有前瞻性队列研究存在于 在美国，双语和ADRD之间的联系可能会被社会经济地位所混淆 (S)和移民身份。我们建议通过研究双语家庭之间的联系来填补这一空白。 在人才项目中，对377,000名具有代表性的个人进行了抽样调查 目前的老年美国人群体。项目人才参与者完成了一系列全面的措施 1960年，当他们在高中(13-17岁)时，包括关于在家中使用的语言的数据，认知 测试、社会经济因素和父母移民身份。我们将延长对家庭的评估 通过将参与者数据与新发布的1950年个人普查联系起来，将移民状况追溯到1950年 唱片。该队列已经与医疗补助和医疗保险服务中心建立了联系 (CMS)和国家死亡指数(NDI)，我们建议更新。这将在以下情况下确定ADRD结果 队列的年龄在76-80岁之间，这是一个快速增长的发病率时期。我们将通过一个 生命历程流行病学镜头。首先，双语能力是否与ADRD发病率有关尚不清楚 一般，或有确诊年龄的。我们的随访期允许我们解决这两个问题，这两个问题减少到 相对风险随年龄变化的问题。该设计还允许我们解决另一个问题，即 在很大程度上被忽视，相互竞争的风险审查。其次，社会经济地位和移民身份可能是重要的混杂因素 没有任何联系。对家庭社会经济地位和移民状况的详细衡量将使我们能够确定 这两个因素中的一个或两个是否混淆了所观察到的家庭双语之间的联系 还有阿德勒。此外，青少年的认知能力可能起到中介的作用，解释了 协会。第三，我们的样本足够大，可以按语言类型探索适度的问题，以及 关于所受教育对调解或缓和的猜测(后者在一个子样本中进行了跟踪，见 29岁)。总而言之，拟议的研究将是迄今为止我们正在进行的关于这些问题的最大规模的研究 意识到，并以与当代美国老年人直接相关的样本为特色。

Project Summary/Abstract: Evidence for links between bilingualism and Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders (ADRD) is mixed and arises from a range of study designs. Few prospective cohort studies exist in the US, where associations between bilingualism and ADRD may be confounded by socioeconomic status (SES) and immigration status. We propose to fill this gap by examining the association between bilingual family of origin and ADRD over 50 years later in Project Talent, a sample of 377,000 individuals representative of the current cohort of older Americans. Project Talent participants completed a comprehensive battery of measures in 1960 when they were in high school (age 13-17), including data on languages spoken in the home, cognitive tests, socioeconomic factors, and parental immigration status. We will extend assessment of family immigration status back to 1950 by linking participant data to the newly released 1950 individual census records. The cohort already has established linkages with the Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS) and National Death Index (NDI) which we propose to update. This will ascertain ADRD outcomes when the cohort is 76-80, a period of rapid increasingly incidence. We will address three major questions through a life course epidemiology lens. First, has been unclear if bilingualism is associated with ADRD incidence in general, or with age of diagnosis. Our follow-up period allows us to address both questions, which reduce to an issue of shifting relative risks with age. The design also permits us to address another issue that has been largely ignored, competing risk censoring. Second, SES and immigration status may be important confounders of any links. Detailed measurements of both family SES and immigration status will permit us to determine whether one or both of these factors confound any observed associations between family of origin bilingualism and ADRD. As well, adolescent cognitive ability may function as a mediator, explaining a portion of the association. Third, our sample is large enough to explore questions of moderation by language type, and speculations about mediation or moderation by attained education (the latter within a subsample followed up at age 29). In summary, the proposed study would be the largest to date on these questions of which we are aware and features a sample directly relevant to the current generation of US older adults.