Cytoskeletal-Based Survival Pathways in Myocardium

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DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Protecting myocytes from death is the best way to lower the mortality associated with myocardial infarction. Despite the description of many interventions capable of protecting myocytes from lethal injury, the potential promise of applying these interventions in the clinical arena has remained unfulfilled due in part to a lack of an integrative understanding of the heart's response to stress. One specific area that remains poorly understood is how myocardial stress is transduced across the sarcolemmal membrane into a protective signal at the level of the individual myocyte. The long term goal of our laboratory is to understand better the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) responsible for cardioprotective signaling at the level of the myocyte. The goal of this proposal is to demonstrate that signaling through a cytoskeletal based pathway can be activated to enhance myocyte survival against lethal ischemic injury. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) has become recognized as a key mediator of cell survival signaling pathways in heart as well as other tissues. Recent data has demonstrated that an integrated signaling pathway exists involving FAK, the cytoskeleton, and other subcelluar signaling proteins that can be amplified or stimulated by stress; specifically ischemia/reperfusion, heat shock, and/or membrane receptor stimulation. This proposal will test the hypothesis that myocardial stress, either directly or through receptor activation, amplifies a cytoskeletal- based signaling cascade that results in prolonged myocyte survival. Specific aims of the proposal will demonstrate that: 1) activation of FAK plays a central role in the response to extracellular myocardial stress; 2) activation of the cytoskeletal-based pathway results in cardioprotection through activation of Akt; and 3) activation of the pathway occurs in intact hearts and may provide a common pathway for many described cardioprotective interventions. The specific cell survival proteins activated by stress will be evaluated in a series of integrated experiments utilizing recombinant adenoviruses, biochemical, and microscopic analysis of cultured cardiomyocytes, and will be confirmed in intact hearts using isolated perfused rat and mouse models of ischemic cell death. Characterization of the underlying mechanism(s) of this survival/adaptive pathway will enhance our understanding of irreversible injury and may lead to new and innovative clinical strategies in the therapy of acute myocardial infarction.