Identification of factors essential for oocyte viability

卵母细胞活力必需因素的鉴定

• 批准号: nhmrc : 299037
• 负责人: Prof Michelle Lane
• 金额: $ 14.7万
• 依托单位国家: 澳大利亚
• 项目类别: NHMRC Project Grants
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 澳大利亚
• 起止时间: 2004-01-01 至 2006-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://researchdata.edu.au/identification-factors-essential-oocyte-viability/77038
• 关键词: Identification; factors; essential; oocyte; viability

Approximately 2% Australia children are now conceived using in vitro fertilisation technologies, allowing infertile couples to bear their own children. However, a major consequence of IVF techniques is multiple pregnancies (i.e. twins and triplets) which is a major health risk to mothers and their infants. Furthemore, IVF increases birth defects, which are mostly attributed to the increased multiple pregnancies, but is also observed in pregnancies involving a single infant. It is essential that IVF techniques are developed that enables the transfer of a single embryo to the mother resulting in the birth of a single healthy baby, without the ethical concerns of surplus embryo disposal. Women receiving IVF are required to adminster hormones that stimulate the eggs in their ovaries to mature to the point where they can be fertilised by their partner's sperm. These hormones, called gonadotrophins, override the body's own ovarian stimulating system and cause many eggs to mature and be collected for fertilisation, instead of normally just one. In this way, the best embryo(s) can be selected for transfer back to the mother, and other embryos can be frozen and stored for later use. However, large doses of gonadotrophins has consequences. They can be dangerous to some patients who are sensitive to their potency, and stimulate a massive response. They also reduce the quality of eggs and subsequent embryos, which reduces the chances of a pregnancy. All this can be avoided if eggs can be collected from ovaries in an immature state and maturation achieved in the laboratory. However, although attempted, this has not been a successful technique, primarily because we don't understand the process of human egg maturation. Our research will investigate the biochemistry, physiology and genetics of non-human eggs and embryos resulting from eggs that are grown and matured in the laboratory, to develop techniques for the successful maturation of human eggs in the laboratory.

澳大利亚现在大约有2%的孩子是使用体外受精技术受孕的，这使得不育夫妇可以生育自己的孩子。然而，试管受精技术的一个主要后果是多胎怀孕(即双胞胎和三胞胎)，这对母亲及其婴儿的健康构成重大威胁。此外，试管受精会增加出生缺陷，这主要是由于多胎妊娠的增加，但也可以在涉及单个婴儿的怀孕中观察到。至关重要的是，试管受精技术必须能够将单个胚胎移植给母亲，从而产生一个健康的婴儿，而不需要考虑处理多余胚胎的伦理问题。接受试管受精的女性需要注射荷尔蒙，以刺激卵巢中的卵子成熟，使其能够与伴侣的精子受精。这些被称为促性腺激素的荷尔蒙覆盖了人体自身的卵巢刺激系统，导致许多卵子成熟并被收集起来受精，而不是通常只有一个卵子。这样，就可以选择最好的胚胎(S)移植回母亲，其他胚胎可以冷冻保存起来，供以后使用。然而，大剂量的促性腺激素会产生后果。它们对一些对其效力敏感的患者可能是危险的，并会激发巨大的反应。它们还会降低卵子和后续胚胎的质量，从而降低怀孕的机会。如果能在未成熟状态下从卵巢收集卵子并在实验室实现成熟，所有这些都可以避免。然而，虽然尝试过，但这并不是一项成功的技术，主要是因为我们不了解人类卵子成熟的过程。我们的研究将对非人类卵子和由实验室培养和成熟的卵子产生的胚胎的生化、生理和遗传学进行研究，以开发在实验室成功成熟人类卵子的技术。