DARTMOUTH COL COBRE: P4: RESPIRATORY EFFECTS OF AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER

达特茅斯 COL COBRE：P4：空气中颗粒物的呼吸影响

• 批准号: 7720659
• 负责人: Melinda Treadwell
• 金额: $ 29.32万
• 依托单位: DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-11 至 2009-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7720659
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Air Pollution; Airborne Particulate Matter; Asthma; Biology; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Diesel Exhaust; Energy-Generating Resources; Environment; Environmental Exposure; Epithelium; Equipment; Exposure to; Funding; Grant; Health; Individual; Industrial Health; Institution; Lung; Methods; Monitor; New Hampshire; Numbers; Occupational; Occupational Exposure; Operative Surgical Procedures; Particulate Matter; Petroleum; Policy Maker; Population; Proteins; Public Health; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Respiratory distress; Risk; Rural; Site; Source; Standards of Weights and Measures; Transportation; United States; United States Environmental Protection Agency; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; air monitoring; anthropogenesis; clinically significant; interest; particle; respiratory; rural area

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Environmental exposure to airborne particle matter has been implicated in the dramatic increase in clinically significant asthma and respiratory distress. A number of on-going monitoring studies have demonstrated variability in ambient and indoor concentrations and composition of particulate matter in urban and rural areas of the Northeast region. This project will address this need by investigating the specific hypothesis that exposure to airborne particles collected at urban, rural and anthropogenic source specific monitoring sites in the northeast region contain unique composition, which produce distinct pathological protein profiles in lung epithelium. This differential ability to affect lung biology promotes disproportionate respiratory health impacts in the State of New Hampshire and across the northeast region. This work will provide qualitative and quantitative evidence to assist policy-makers as they attempt to determine whether existing standards are adequately protective for disproportionately affected populations, particularly for those individuals exposed to combustion products from heavy duty diesel equipment operations. The United States Environmental Protection Agency, in support of recent on road and nonroad diesel engine emission standards, concluded that petroleum diesel engines produce between 4-53% of the total ambient fine particulate matter concentrations in the United States. Our focus is to characterize the exposure variability and particulate matter composition in emissions generated by petroleum diesel and biodiesel fuels. Many organizations interested in a renewable and domestic source of energy have switched from petroleum diesel to biodiesel blends for transportation and heavy-duty equipment use. While there is a considerable body of evidence on the negative health effects of petroleum diesel exhaust exposures in occupational settings, there has been little research examining the effects switching to biodiesel may have on worker health and the local environment. This project will employ a combination of established industrial hygiene and environmental air monitoring methods to estimate petroleum diesel and biodiesel occupational exposure profiles as well as the facility's relative contribution to local ambient air pollution. With increasing public health concern regarding petroleum diesel emissions, and limited regulatory initiatives to control occupational exposures, more research is necessary to examine biodiesel's potential as a substitute fuel that may reduce risk to both worker health and the environment.

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 环境暴露于空气中的颗粒物与临床上显着的哮喘和呼吸窘迫的急剧增加有关。一些正在进行的监测研究表明，东北地区城市和农村地区的环境和室内浓度以及颗粒物的组成存在变异性。该项目将通过调查在东北地区城市、农村和人为源特定监测点收集的空气颗粒物中含有独特的成分，从而在肺上皮中产生不同的病理蛋白质谱这一具体假设来满足这一需求。这种不同的影响肺部生物学的能力在新罕布夏州和整个东北部地区促进了不成比例的呼吸健康影响。这项工作将提供定性和定量证据，以帮助政策制定者确定现有标准是否足以保护受影响不成比例的人群，特别是那些暴露在重型柴油设备操作燃烧产物中的个人。美国环境保护署支持最近的道路和非道路柴油发动机排放标准，得出结论，石油柴油发动机产生的细颗粒物占美国环境总颗粒物浓度的4%-53%。我们的重点是表征石油柴油和生物柴油燃料排放中的暴露变异性和颗粒物组成。许多对可再生能源和家用能源感兴趣的组织已经从石油柴油转向混合生物柴油，用于运输和重型设备。虽然有相当多的证据表明，在职业环境中接触石油柴油废气对健康有负面影响，但很少有研究探讨改用生物柴油对工人健康和当地环境可能产生的影响。该项目将采用既定的工业卫生和环境空气监测方法相结合，以评估石油柴油和生物柴油的职业暴露情况，以及该设施对当地环境空气污染的相对贡献。随着公众对石油柴油排放的健康问题日益关注，以及控制职业暴露的监管举措有限，有必要进行更多研究，以检验生物柴油作为替代燃料的潜力，这可能会降低对工人健康和环境的风险。