Framework to Address Drug Resistant Infections and Global Health

描述（由申请人提供）：本培训项目的目的是为美国博士和医学博士博士后研究员建立一个培训项目，以获得全球卫生研究的经验，重点是耐药感染。该项目将由加州大学伯克利分校、加州大学旧金山分校弗朗西斯科的研究人员以及巴西、印度和南非的现有合作机构组成。这些国家代表了新兴经济体国家，在这些国家，耐药感染问题已成为一个主要的公共和临床健康问题。我们将把培训计划分为两部分：1）一部分旨在引进和培训传统上在全球卫生领域没有代表的学科的博士后研究员（化学、生物工程、生物信息学、基因组学、数学），以及2）旨在交叉培训从事全球卫生工作的医学和公共卫生博士后研究员与从事全球卫生工作的社会科学和经济学研究员。六个项目领域将包括：（1）培养化学和生物工程博士后研究员，开发和验证适于现场检测耐药病原体的分子检测系统;（2）培养生物信息学和基因组学博士后研究员，创建一个公共领域的电子数据库，供其他研究人员共享，以研究耐药性的决定因素; 3）研究员谁做生物统计学和建模研究，以表征和预测耐药感染的动态全球和区域传播; 4）微生物学、免疫学、和化学做发病机制研究，以启动新的研究，检查耐药机制，并确定新的药物靶点，以规避耐药机制分枝肺结核; 5）传染病公共卫生和临床研究员以及国外实地的社会和行为科学研究员，以描述耐药性的生物学，流行病学，临床，社会和行为决定因素; 6）公共卫生、临床、社会科学和经济学研究人员共同努力，描述耐药性的遗传决定因素及其全球分布，人类经济活动对传播的影响，以及其对健康的经济影响。这些项目的长期目标是培养全球健康研究的新一代领导者。 公共卫生相关性：这一跨学科研究和培训计划将通过招募非传统学科（即工程，化学，城市规划和环境科学）进入传染病研究来应对抗生素耐药性的全球挑战。该计划将重点关注美国以及巴西、印度和南非等新兴经济体的耐药性传播动态。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of this training program is to establish a training program for US PhD and MD postdoctoral fellows to gain experience in global health research, focused on drug-resistant infections. The program will be comprised of a consortium of researchers at UC Berkeley, UC San Francisco, and existing collaborating institutions in Brazil, India, and South Africa. These countries represent emerging economy nations where the problem of drug resistant infections has become a major public and clinical health concern. We will divide the training program into two components-1) one designed to introduce and train postdoctoral fellows in disciplines that are not traditionally represented in global health (chemistry, bioengineering, bioinformatics, genomics, mathematics), and 2) one designed to cross-train postdoctoral fellows in medicine and public health doing global health work with those fellows in the social sciences and economics also doing global health work. Six program areas will include training of 1) chemistry and bioengineering postdoctoral fellows to develop and validate molecular detection systems adapted to detect drug-resistant pathogens on site; 2) bioinformatics and genomics postdoctoral fellows to create a public-domain electronic database to be shared by other researchers to study determinants of drug- resistance; 3) fellows who do biostatistics and modeling research to characterize and predict the dynamic global and regional spread of drug-resistant infections; 4) fellows in microbiology, immunology, and chemistry doing pathogenesis research to initiate new studies to examine mechanisms of drug resistance and identify new drug targets to circumvent drug resistance mechanisms of M. tuberculosis; 5) infectious disease public health and clinical research fellows and social and behavioral science fellows at field sites abroad to characterize the biologic, epidemiologic, clinical, social, and behavioral determinants of drug resistance; 6) public health, clinical, social science, and economics research fellows to work together to characterize the genetic determinants of drug-resistance, their global distribution, the impact of human economic activities on the spread, and its economic impact on health. The long term goal of these programs is to produce a new generation of leaders in global health research. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This interdisciplinary research and training initiative will address the global challenge of antibiotic resistance by recruiting non-traditional disciplines (i.e. engineering, chemistry, city planning, and environmental science) into infectious disease research. The initiative will focus on the transmission dynamics of drug resistance in the U.S. and in emerging economies like Brazil, India and South Africa.