Auditory-Visual Integration and Age

听觉视觉整合和年龄

• 批准号: 7847748
• 负责人: Nancy Ann Tye-Murray
• 金额: $ 3.73万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-15 至 2010-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7847748
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Affect; Age; Aging; Attention; Auditory; Classification; Clinical; Cognitive; Communication; Comprehension; Data; Elderly; Environment; Goals; Grant; Guidelines; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Individual Differences; Light; Lighting; Linguistics; Measures; Mediating; Mind; Modeling; Motivation; Noise; Performance; Presbycusis; Procedures; Process; Psychologist; Rehabilitation therapy; Relative (related person); Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Simulate; Speech; Speech Perception; Staging; Stimulus; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Visual; Visual Acuity; Work; age difference; age effect; age related; hearing impairment; improved; indexing; novel; processing speed; programs

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Everyday face-to-face conversations often occur in the presence of adverse environmental conditions such as background noise and/or poor lighting. In this second stage of our research on audiovisual speech perception and aging, we turn our attention to comprehension of discourse (i.e., extended verbal expression) under both favorable and unfavorable conditions. First, we propose to determine whether auditory-visual integration is a processing module that operates subsequent to the encoding of the auditory and visual speech signals, as current theoretical models assume and whether age differences emerge as the levels of auditory and visual speech information are decreased. To this end, we have developed a novel integration enhancement index that statistically controls for differences in unimodal speech perception. Using this index, we will assess integration enhancement in younger and older adults under both favorable and unfavorable listening and viewing conditions. Second, we plan to assess the extent to which age and degraded environmental conditions impair audiovisual discourse comprehension. Third, we will determine the sensory and cognitive factors that predict individual differences in older adults' discourse comprehension using measures of hearing and visual acuity, auditory and visual speech perception, processing speed, integration enhancement, and working memory. Fourth, we will examine longitudinal changes in audiovisual discourse comprehension in a group of older first-time hearing aid users over a period of 18 months. Our goal in this final study is to examine how performance changes, and whether the influence of sensory and cognitive variables on audiovisual discourse comprehension varies over time. Overall, this project represents a unique opportunity that brings together clinical audiological researchers and cognitive psychologists for the purpose of developing aural rehabilitation procedures for older persons that are grounded in well-developed theoretical models of audiovisual discourse comprehension.

描述（由申请人提供）：日常面对面的对话通常在存在不利环境条件（例如背景噪声和/或照明较差的情况下）发生。在我们对视听语音感知和衰老的研究的第二阶段，我们将注意力转向了对话语的理解（即，在有利和不利的条件下）。首先，我们建议确定听觉 - 视觉整合是否是一个处理模块，该模块是在编码听觉和视觉语音信号之后运行的处理模块，因为当前的理论模型假设以及年龄差异是否随着听觉和视觉语音信息的水平而出现。为此，我们开发了一种新颖的集成增强指数，该指数可以统计地控制单峰语音感知的差异。使用此指数，我们将在有利和不利的聆听和观看条件下评估年轻和老年人的融合增强。其次，我们计划评估年龄和退化的环境条件在多大程度上损害了视听话语的理解。第三，我们将确定使用听力和视力，听觉和视觉语音感知，处理速度，集成增强和工作记忆的措施来预测老年人话语理解中个体差异的感觉和认知因素。第四，我们将在18个月的时间内检查一群年长的首次助听器用户的视听话语理解的纵向变化。我们在这项最终研究中的目标是研究绩效的变化，以及感觉和认知变量对视听话语理解的影响是否会随着时间而变化。总体而言，该项目代表了一个独特的机会，该项目将临床听觉研究人员和认知心理学家汇集在一起​​，目的是为基于良好发达的听觉话语理解理论模型的老年人制定听觉康复程序。