EFFECTS OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA ON HOST ADIPOSITY ARE MODULATED BY THE SHORT CHAIN

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。列出的机构是 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 人类肠道的远端有数万亿的微生物，使我们能够从其他难以消化的膳食多糖中提取热量。多糖发酵的产物包括短链脂肪酸，其是Gpr 41的配体，Gpr 41是由肠上皮中的肠内分泌细胞亚群表达的G蛋白偶联受体。为了研究Gpr 41对能量平衡的贡献，我们比较了Gpr 41-/-和Gpr 41 +/+小鼠，这些小鼠要么是用完整的肠道微生物群常规饲养的，要么是无菌饲养的，然后作为年轻的成年人与人类远端肠道微生物群落的两个突出成员共同定植：糖分解细菌，多形拟杆菌和产甲烷古菌，史氏甲烷短杆菌。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The distal human intestine harbors trillions of microbes that allow us to extract calories from otherwise indigestible dietary polysaccharides. The products of polysaccharide fermentation include short-chain fatty acids that are ligands for Gpr41, a G protein-coupled receptor expressed by a subset of enteroendocrine cells in the gut epithelium. To examine the contribution of Gpr41 to energy balance, we compared Gpr41-/- and Gpr41+/+ mice that were either conventionally-raised with a complete gut microbiota or were reared germ-free and then cocolonized as young adults with two prominent members of the human distal gut microbial community: the saccharolytic bacterium, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and the methanogenic archaeon, Methanobrevibacter smithii.