Computer Integrated Systems for Microscopy&Manipulation

描述（由申请人提供）：生命的特征-运动性、适应性和复制-是因为分子作为个体并组织成细胞和组织，产生并响应力。单个细胞内数千个分子马达的协调活动使纤毛振荡，从而导致肺屏障液长距离流动。感染、炎症和转移涉及单个细胞的运动性，其通过内部形状的变化移动，力推压其自身的膜，剥离、拉动和滚动血管腔内的特定蛋白质，或通过分子单元的聚合来推动。复制涉及染色体通过有丝分裂纺锤体的大规模重排，产生力使染色体沿着中板排列，感受力通过检查点，最终用聚合力将动粒拉向两极。在过去的十年中，通过基因组学和蛋白质组学在结构鉴定方面的进步已经与通过力理解功能的精致工具相匹配。我们的资源的目标是开发力技术，应用于广泛的生物环境，从单分子到组织水平，通过可视化和建模协调简易控制，多模态成像和分析的集成系统。 指导我们技术发展的个别合作项目涵盖分子生物物理学、细胞生物学和生物医学科学的广泛现象。它们涵盖了从单分子（粘蛋白、肌球蛋白、MutS）到大分子复合物（纤维蛋白纤维、病毒）、细胞（丛状蛋白、细胞运动性、细胞分裂）、组织培养物（人肺细胞培养物）和宏观生物材料特性（粘液流变学）的长度尺度。 我们的资源开发新的仪器技术，使灵活的力测量，包括磁性技术，集成原子力和荧光技术。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The hallmarks of life - motility, adaptation and replication - occur because molecules as individuals and organized into cells and tissues, generate and respond to forces. The coordinated activity of thousands of molecular motors within single cells oscillates cilia to cause the flow of the pulmonary barrier fluid over long distances. Infection, inflammation, and metastasis involve the motility of single cells moving through internal changes of shape with forces pushing against their own membranes, peeling, pulling, and rolling with specific proteins in the lumen of blood vessels, or propelled by polymerization of molecular units. Replication involves the wholesale rearrangement of chromosomes through the mitotic spindle, generating forces to organize the chromosomes along the midplate, sensing forces to pass through the checkpoint to finally pull the kinetochores poleward with polymerization forces. Over the past decade the advances in structure identification through genomics and proteomics has been matched by exquisite tools for understanding function through forces. The goal of our resource is to develop force technologies to be applied over a wide range of biological settings, from the single molecule to the tissue level, with integrated systems that orchestrate facile control, multimodal imaging and analysis through visualization and modeling. The individual collaboration projects that steer our technology development cover a wide range of phenomena in molecular biophysics, cell biology and biomedical science. They cover length scales ranging from single molecule (mucin, myosin, MutS) to macromolecular complexes (fibrin fibers, viruses), cells (Plexin, cell motility, cell division), tissue cultures (human lung cell cultures) and macroscopic biomaterial properties (mucus rheology). Our Resource develops new instrument technologies for enabling flexible force measurements, including magnetic technologies, integrated atomic force and fluo