MRC Centre for Genomics and Global Health

MRC 基因组学和全球健康中心

• 批准号: G0600718/1
• 负责人: Dominic Kwiatkowski
• 金额: $ 396.93万
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2008 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=G0600718%2F1
• 关键词: MRC; Centre; Genomics; Global; Health

Among the biggest challenges in medical research are (1) to develop effective vaccines against malaria, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis, which together account for a massive global burden of disease, particularly in the developing world; (2) to combat drug resistance in malaria, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, enteric bacteria, invasive bacteria and other pathogens; (3) to combat the emergence of virulent pathogens such as pandemic influenza. Underlying these practical problems in global health is the biological phenomenon of genome diversity. Pathogen genomes are continually evolving in response to human immune pressure and prevailing drug usage; while at the same time infectious diseases are a major force for evolutionary selection of the human genome. Although genome diversity is a large part of the problem in infectious disease, it also offers a scientific route to understanding natural mechanisms of disease and immunity. Epidemiological analysis of the clinical consequences of pathogen genome variation may be highly informative about pathogen mechanisms of virulence, drug resistance and immune evasion. Equally, epidemiological analysis of the clinical consequences of human genome variation may be highly informative about host mechanisms of defence and protective immunity. The aim of this Translational Centre proposal is to develop the scientific environment and technical infrastructure needed to apply genomic epidemiology to practical lessons about disease prevention ? particularly about drug resistance and vaccine development.

医学研究面临的最大挑战包括：(1) 开发针对疟疾、艾滋病毒/艾滋病和结核病的有效疫苗，这些疾病共同造成了全球巨大的疾病负担，特别是在发展中国家； （2）对抗疟疾、艾滋病毒/艾滋病、结核病、肠道细菌、入侵细菌和其他病原体的耐药性； (3)对抗大流行性流感等强毒病原体的出现。全球健康中这些实际问题的背后是基因组多样性的生物现象。病原体基因组不断进化以应对人类免疫压力和流行的药物使用；与此同时，传染病是人类基因组进化选择的主要力量。尽管基因组多样性是传染病问题的很大一部分，但它也为理解疾病和免疫的自然机制提供了科学途径。对病原体基因组变异临床后果的流行病学分析可能为病原体的毒力、耐药性和免疫逃避机制提供大量信息。同样，对人类基因组变异临床后果的流行病学分析可能为宿主的防御和保护性免疫机制提供大量信息。该转化中心提案的目的是开发将基因组流行病学应用于疾病预防实践课程所需的科学环境和技术基础设施？特别是关于耐药性和疫苗开发。