Bioengineering Research Partnership in Total Joint Replacements

描述(申请人提供)：在这个大学-产业合作伙伴关系中，我们专注于开发和测试钻石上的钻石和聚乙烯上的钻石表面，以最大限度地减少矫形设备中关节部件之间的磨损。磨损引起的并发症包括部件松动、有害的生物反应、骨溶解、机械不稳定、关节活动度降低、疼痛增加，最终种植体失败。在该项目中，UAB和Smith&Nephew，Inc.联手在金属(CoCrMo或Ti-6Al-4V)矫形设备上开发和测试独特的纳米结构多层金刚石涂层，目标是减少关节部件的摩擦和磨损。我们提议进行一项为期五年的研究，重点关注以下具体目标：具体目标1：开发纳米技术，通过化学气相沉积(CVD)具有多层结构的金刚石涂层来减少髋部和膝关节金属植入物的关节承重部件的摩擦和磨损。具体目标2：证明多层金刚石涂层(用于钻石上的钻石或聚乙烯上的钻石铰接)与单层钻石上的钻石铰接或目前商业矫形设备中使用的金属对聚乙烯或金属对金属连接相比，具有更好的耐磨性。具体目标3：使用Smith&Nephew，Inc.的行业标准多轴髋关节和膝关节模拟器进行涉及金刚石涂层髋关节和膝关节关节部件的磨损模拟器研究。具体目标4：评估细胞对钻石磨屑颗粒的响应，与聚乙烯和钴铬颗粒进行比较。具体目标5：进行体内研究，以表征对照生物材料和钻石生物材料对整体生物相容性的初始短期有机和细胞反应。从摩擦学研究中收集的磨屑将被植入(注射)到成年大鼠滑膜样气囊模型中，短期(几小时到几天)，以评估临床、细胞、组织学和细胞因子的生物相容性。将椎间盘植入兔的骨小梁区域将评估最初的组织液和血液与对照和涂层植入物表面的相互作用，时间从几个小时到几个月不等。这项拟议的BRP的总体临床影响将是将全关节置换术的使用寿命提高到30年以上，从而显著减少反复多次手术的需要。公共卫生相关性：我们建议使用纳米技术方法来控制髋关节和膝关节植入物与周围组织之间的界面。这项赠款申请的主要重点是改善固定、耐久性和骨整合，以实现全关节置换的长期成功，并降低反复进行多次手术的需要。此外，新的纳米技术工具和方法的开发将导致用于生物医学植入行业的钛和钴铬合金的新型功能化纳米结构表面。钻石-钻石组件的一个好处是减少了整体装置的尺寸，最终将允许临床上较少侵入性的关节修复途径和更长的体内植入寿命。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In this University-Industry Partnership, we are focused on development and testing of diamond-on-diamond and diamond-on-polyethylene surfaces for minimizing wear between articulation components in orthopaedic devices. Complications arising from wear include component loosening, deleterious biological responses, osteolysis, mechanical instability, decreased joint mobility, increased pain, and ultimately implant failure. In this project, UAB and Smith & Nephew, Inc. team up to develop and test unique nanostructured multilayer diamond coatings on metal (CoCrMo or Ti-6Al-4V) orthopaedic devices with the goal of reducing friction and wear in articulation components. We propose a five-year study to focus on the following specific aims: Specific Aim 1: Develop nanotechnology for reducing friction and wear on the articulating, load-bearing components of hip and knee metallic implants by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of a diamond coating having a multilayer structure with alternating nano- and micro-structural layered components. Specific Aim 2: Demonstrate that the multilayer diamond coatings (intended for diamond-on- diamond or diamond-on-polyethylene articulation) exhibit improved wear resistance when compared to single- layer diamond-on-diamond articulation or to the metal-on-polyethylene or metal-on-metal couples currently used in commercial orthopaedic devices. Specific Aim 3: Perform wear simulator studies involving diamond coated hip and knee articulation components using the industry-standard multi-axis hip and knee simulators located at Smith & Nephew, Inc. Specific Aim 4: Evaluate cellular response to diamond wear debris particles, as compared to polyethylene and cobalt chrome debris particles. Specific Aim 5: Perform in vivo investigations to characterize the initial short term organic and cellular responses of control and diamond biomaterials to overall biocompatibility profiles. Wear debris collected from the tribological studies will be implanted (injected) into the synovial-like air pouch model in the adult rat for short term (hours to days) in order to assess clinical, cellular, histological and cytokine biocompatibility profiles. Implants of discs into trabecular bone regions of rabbits will assess initial tissue fluid and blood interactions with control and coated implant surfaces for time points ranging from hours to months. The overall clinical impact of this proposed BRP would be in improving the service life time of total joint replacements to more than thirty years and hence dramatically reducing the need for recurrent multiple surgical procedures. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: We propose the use of nanotechnology approaches for controlling interfaces between the hip and knee implants and the surrounding tissues. The primary focus of this grant application is to improve the fixation, durability and osseointegration for long-term success of Total Joint Replacements and lower the need for recurrent multiple surgical procedures. Also, development of new nanotechnology tools and methods will lead to a new class of functionalized nanostructured surfaces for titanium and cobalt chrome alloys for use in biomedical implant industry. One benefit of the diamond-diamond components will be reductions in overall device size that will ultimately allow for a clinically less-invasive route to joint restoration and longer implant lifetime in vivo.