Translating Addiction Genomics Research into Practice: Examining Ethics & Policy

将成瘾基因组学研究转化为实践：审查伦理

• 批准号: 7894932
• 负责人: Jennifer Blair McCormick
• 金额: $ 38.88万
• 依托单位: MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-30 至 2012-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7894932
• 关键词: Addictive Behavior; Affect; Alcohol abuse; Alcohols; Area; Behavioral Genetics; Biological; Brain; Case Study; Categories; Classification Scheme; Clinic; Complex; Consultations; DSM-IV; Dependence; Development; Diagnostic; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual; Dimensions; Disease; Drug Formulations; Drug usage; Emerging Technologies; Employee; Ensure; Ethical Issues; Ethics; Ethnography; Future; Genetic; Genetic Research; Genetic Variation; Genetic screening method; Genomics; Goals; Health; Health Campaign; Health Policy; Human; Individual; Inherited; Intervention; Interview; Investigation; Judgment; Knowledge; Maps; Measures; Methods; Molecular Genetics; Morals; National Institute of Drug Abuse; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Neural Pathways; Nicotine; Nicotine Dependence; Occupational; Outcome; Patients; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacogenomics; Pharmacologic Substance; Phase; Phenotype; Policies; Policy Maker; Policy Making; Population; Prevention; Prevention strategy; Preventive Intervention; Process; Public Health; Research; Research Priority; Research Support; Resolution; Role; Scientist; Screening procedure; Smoke; Smoking; Social Environment; Social Policies; Specificity; Stigmata; Structure; Substance abuse problem; Taxes; Tobacco; Tobacco Industry; Translating; Translational Research; Translations; Uncertainty; Universities; Work; addiction; base; biobehavior; disease classification; ethical legal social implication; genome wide association study; infancy; innovation; novel; novel strategies; phrases; policy implication; practical application; programs; research to practice; smoking cessation; social; social stigma; tobacco control; tool; trait; treatment program

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Studies are currently underway to examine the genetic factors contributing to a range of addictions, including critical public health problems like smoking and alcohol abuse. New approaches use emerging technologies-such as genome-wide association studies-to map and characterize inherited and drug-induced alterations in the human brain. By providing a better understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in addiction, this unfolding body of research is expected to fuel developments in pharmacogenomics and the creation of new genetic tests, and ultimately, to provide the basis for innovative strategies for prevention and treatment. However, translating the results of genomic research into public health interventions and treatment programs will require the resolution of a host of ethical and policy challenges. Although molecular genetic research on the addictions is still in its infancy, it is likely to induce fundamental changes in our views of addictive disorders, which in turn will have a significant impact on existing and future policies to reduce the harms of substance abuse disorders. The identification of genetic variations associated with dependence will contribute to the emergence of a "genetic understanding of addiction" that may cast additional stigma on those affected or, if understood in an overly simplistic and deterministic way, may shift responsibility for addiction away from key factors in the social environment and onto individuals' genetic make-up. Based on our initial work (R01DA14577), and in consultation with our multi-disciplinary Advisory Board, the project's empirical aims are to: 1) characterize how individuals undergoing treatment for addiction integrate emerging genetic findings into their self-identity, including understandings of personal responsibility; 2) track how a genetic understanding of addiction circulates into broad popular discourse, with a primary focus on how research findings are covered by major media and translated for the public, and; 3) examine how addiction phenotypes are ascertained and used in genetic studies, and more specifically, how an emerging genetic understanding will affect future revisions of diagnostic classification schemes used in behavioral genetics research (i.e., DSM). Primary methods include in-depth interviews and ethnographic observation. Informed by our empirical work, the ethical and policy aims target the translation of genomic research findings into practice. We will: 4) delineate and evaluate the foreseeable impact of genetic explanations of addiction on existing programs, such as public health campaigns and treatment programs, and; 5) identify and analyze key ethical, legal, and social consequences of a genetic understanding of addiction in order to inform future policy making. The ultimate goals of the proposed project are to provide policy makers with a clear understanding of the potential impact and limitations of genomic research on the addictions, ensure that research findings will integrate harmoniously into current public health measures to reduce the adverse health outcomes of addiction, and contribute to a responsible use of genetic research findings in future formulations of public health policy.

描述（由申请人提供）：目前正在进行研究，以检查导致一系列成瘾的遗传因素，包括吸烟和酗酒等严重的公共卫生问题。新方法利用新兴技术（例如全基因组关联研究）来绘制和表征人类大脑中遗传性和药物引起的改变。通过更好地了解成瘾的生物学机制，这一不断展开的研究预计将推动药物基因组学的发展和新基因测试的创建，并最终为预防和治疗的创新策略提供基础。然而，将基因组研究的结果转化为公共卫生干预措施和治疗计划将需要解决一系列伦理和政策挑战。尽管对成瘾的分子遗传学研究仍处于起步阶段，但它可能会引起我们对成瘾性疾病的看法发生根本性改变，进而对现有和未来减少药物滥用性疾病危害的政策产生重大影响。与依赖性相关的遗传变异的识别将有助于“对成瘾的遗传理解”的出现，这可能会给受影响的人带来额外的耻辱，或者如果以过于简单化和确定性的方式理解，可能会将成瘾的责任从社会环境中的关键因素转移到个人的基因构成上。基于我们的初步工作 (R01DA14577)，并与我们的多学科咨询委员会协商，该项目的实证目标是：1) 描述接受成瘾治疗的个体如何将新出现的遗传发现整合到他们的自我认同中，包括对个人责任的理解； 2）跟踪对成瘾的基因理解如何传播到广泛的流行话语中，主要关注主要媒体如何报道研究结果并为公众翻译； 3）研究如何在遗传学研究中确定和使用成瘾表型，更具体地说，研究新兴的遗传学理解将如何影响行为遗传学研究（即 DSM）中使用的诊断分类方案的未来修订。主要方法包括深度访谈和民族志观察。根据我们的实证工作，伦理和政策目标旨在将基因组研究成果转化为实践。我们将： 4）描述和评估成瘾的基因解释对现有计划（例如公共卫生运动和治疗计划）的可预见影响； 5）识别和分析对成瘾的基因理解的关键伦理、法律和社会后果，以便为未来的政策制定提供信息。该项目的最终目标是让决策者清楚地了解基因组研究对成瘾的潜在影响和局限性，确保研究结果能够和谐地融入当前的公共卫生措施，以减少成瘾对健康的不良后果，并有助于在未来制定公共卫生政策时负责任地使用基因研究结果。

项目成果

Addiction: Current Criticism of the Brain Disease Paradigm.

成瘾：当前对脑疾病范式的批评。

• DOI: 10.1080/21507740.2013.796328
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: AJOB neuroscience
• 作者: Hammer,Rachel;Dingel,Molly;Ostergren,Jenny;Partridge,Brad;McCormick,Jennifer;Koenig,BarbaraA
• 通讯作者: Koenig,BarbaraA

"I don't have to know why it snows, I just have to shovel it!": Addiction Recovery, Genetic Frameworks, and Biological Citizenship.

• DOI: 10.1057/s41292-017-0045-4
• 发表时间: 2017-12
• 期刊: BioSocieties
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: Dingel MJ;Ostergren J;Heaney K;Koenig BA;McCormick J
• 通讯作者: McCormick J

Unwarranted optimism in media portrayals of genetic research on addiction overshadows critical ethical and social concerns.

• DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2014.999895
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Journal of health communication
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Ostergren JE;Dingel MJ;McCormick JB;Koenig BA
• 通讯作者: Koenig BA

Environmental and genetic determinants of tobacco use: methodology for a multidisciplinary, longitudinal family-based investigation.

• 发表时间: 2003-10
• 期刊: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
• 作者: G. Swan;K. Hudmon;L. Jack;Kymberli K Hemberger;D. Carmelli;T. Khroyan;H. Ring;H. Hops;J. Andrews;E. Tildesley;D. McBride;N. Benowitz;C. Webster;K. Wilhelmsen;H. Feiler;B. Koenig;L. Caron;J. Illes;L. Cheng

Challenges in translational research: the views of addiction scientists.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093482
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Ostergren JE;Hammer RR;Dingel MJ;Koenig BA;McCormick JB
• 通讯作者: McCormick JB