Cognitive biases in the perception of spatial orientation

空间方向感知的认知偏差

• 批准号: 7981270
• 负责人: Frank H. Durgin
• 金额: $ 31.11万
• 依托单位: SWARTHMORE COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-30 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7981270
• 关键词: Accidents; Accounting; Affect; Awareness; Behavior; Categories; Characteristics; Cognition; Cognitive; Diagnosis; Disabled Persons; Evaluation; Floor; Health; Image; Investigation; Judgment; Literature; Medical; Memory; Outcome; Participant; Pattern; Perception; Ramp; Recovery; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Retinal; Role; Rotation; Shapes; Side; Space Perception; Students; Surface; Testing; To specify; Touch sensation; Training; Vision; Visual; Visual Illusions; Visual Perception; Work; base; blind; falls; flexibility; haptics; theories; virtual reality; visual information

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A new analysis of errors in the perceptual evaluation of spatial orientation suggests that these may be due to cognitive biases around categorical frames of reference. Spatial orientation is a fundamental component of a broad range of spatial cognitive behaviors from ambulatory navigation to interpreting a radiograph. Preliminary studies of the perception of spatial orientation show that for slanted lines and surfaces explored visually and for slanted surfaces explored by touch, perceived orientation is biased away from the perceived horizontal and toward the perceived vertical. The specific shape of the bias function is somewhat different for 2D line orientation than for 3D surface orientation, but the biases are in the same direction. The proposed studies seek to establish the extent of the biasing roles of conceptual reference frames such as vertical and horizontal. The first study will examine the flexibility of the assignment of reference frames by rotating observers so that the major axis of the body is no longer aligned with the gravitational vertical. It is anticipated that perceived orientation of a line whose orientation is intermediate between the gravitational vertical and the bodily vertical will be distorted in a different direction (but always toward the "vertical") depending on which vertical participants are instructed to use as the reference frame for evaluation. Further studies seek to test for category-based biases for surfaces and lines confronted at an angle rather than straight ahead - both by vision and by touch - and to examine whether the biases found in the perceived orientation of small- scale objects viewed within reach are simply amplified for large-scale surfaces such as hills or are added to visual biases in hill perception. The cognitive exaggeration of deviations from horizontal may add to the misperception of hills as steeper than they are for the sake of making behaviorally-important information more accessible for the control of action. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Spatial cognition is related to a wide range of cognitive and perceptual matters relevant to fundamental health issues including preventative behavior (avoiding accidents and falls), medical diagnosis (in the interpretation of radiographs, for example) and mobility training for persons with disabilities (in the evaluation of accessibility of ramps or steep paths, for example). The proposed project studies cognitive biases in perceived orientation that may affect health outcomes as described above.

描述（由申请人提供）：对空间定向的感知评估中的错误进行的新分析表明，这些错误可能是由于分类参考框架周围的认知偏差造成的。空间定向是从步行导航到解读X光片的广泛空间认知行为的基本组成部分。对空间方向感知的初步研究表明，对于视觉探索的倾斜线条和表面以及通过触摸探索的倾斜表面，感知的方向偏离感知的水平方向并朝向感知的垂直方向。偏置函数的具体形状对于2D线取向与对于3D表面取向有些不同，但是偏置在相同的方向上。拟议的研究旨在确定纵向和横向等概念参照系的偏向作用的程度。第一项研究将审查通过旋转观察者来分配参考系的灵活性，使物体的长轴不再与重力垂线对齐。可以预期，其取向介于重力垂直线和身体垂直线之间的线的感知取向将在不同的方向上（但总是朝向“垂直”）失真，这取决于指示哪个垂直参与者用作评估的参考系。进一步的研究试图测试基于类别的偏见面对的表面和线在一个角度，而不是直线前进-无论是通过视觉和触摸-并检查是否发现偏见的感知方向的小规模的物体看到的范围内的放大大规模的表面，如丘陵或被添加到视觉偏见的丘陵感知。对偏离水平线的认知夸大可能会增加对山的误解，因为山比实际更陡，这是为了使行为上重要的信息更容易获得，以控制行动。 公共卫生关系：空间认知涉及与基本健康问题有关的广泛认知和感知问题，包括预防行为（避免事故和福尔斯）、医疗诊断（例如，解读X光照片）和残疾人的行动能力培训（例如，评估坡道或陡峭道路的无障碍性）。拟议的项目研究可能影响上述健康结果的感知方向的认知偏差。