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Cognitive biases in the perception of spatial orientation

空间方向感知的认知偏差

基本信息

批准号：
8497102
负责人：
Frank H. Durgin
金额：
$ 34.92万
依托单位：
SWARTHMORE COLLEGE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-09-30 至 2017-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Project Summary Locomotion and other actions in the world depend on perceptual information about the spatial layout of the environment. Interpreting 2-dimensional representations such as maps or radiographs also depends on the perception of spatial information. Early cortical areas in the visual system are exquisitely tuned for coding orientation, and the early cortical representation of visual space is coded in log-polar coordinates suited for the control of eye-movements by a sensory system that has the dual purposes of picking up some information from a large portion of space but gathering high-precision information suitable for face recognition and reading, for example, but also for manual prehension (grasping things), at the center of gaze. Nonetheless, the visual system must impose reference frames in order to interpret orientation information, and we have found in tilted observers that these reference frames seem often to be tied to external references such as gravity rather than to retino-cortical or bodily reference frames. In our work to date, we have shown that there are substantial systematic biases in the coding of spatial orientation, and that these biases are cross-modal, appearing both in the visual and haptic experiences of surface orientation. These representational biases seem be cognitive adaptations that maintain coding precision. In the case of surface orientation in 3D space, our spatial/perceptual representations exaggerate departures from horizontal with something that resembles the first quarter cycle of a sine function, which may be a way of explicitly representing the gravitational component of 3D surface orientation. In the case of line orientation in 2D space, our spatial/perceptual representations again exaggerate departures from the horizontal, though the exaggeration is less pronounced than in the 3D case as one gets farther from horizontal. In the prior grant period we have shown that the 2D bias function is tied to the gravitational reference frame rather than the retinal reference frame. That is, even when looking through a circular reduction tube (to eliminate external visual orientating information) tilted observers perceive line orientation primarily relative to the gravitational reference frame rather than relative to their bodily reference frame. The present work extends this prior work in two ways. First, using more complex orientation stimuli, we will tilt observers to determine whether memory biases for orientation (which show a different pattern) are also yoked to the gravitational reference frame, or whether there is a residual retinotopic bias based on the early cortical overrepresentation of vertical and horizontal. Second we will use multiple methods to examine whether angular biases in the yaw dimension (both for perceived surface orientation and proprioceptive perception of direction) differ from those in the pitch dimension, as preliminary data suggests, and, if so, whether these differences are locked to bodily, visual (ground plane defined), or gravitationally-defined specifications of pitch and yaw axes.

项目摘要世界上的运动和其他动作依赖于关于空间布局的感知信息。环境保护解释二维表示，如地图或射线照片也取决于对空间信息的感知。视觉系统的早期皮层区域编码方向，视觉空间的早期皮质表征以对数极坐标编码适合于通过具有拾取双重目的的感觉系统来控制眼睛运动一些信息来自大部分空间，但收集适合人脸的高精度信息例如，识别和阅读，但也用于手动操作（抓取东西），目光尽管如此，视觉系统必须施加参考框架，以解释方向信息，我们已经发现，在倾斜的观察者，这些参考框架似乎往往是绑在一起，外部参考，如重力，而不是视网膜皮质或身体参考框架。在我们的工作中迄今为止，我们已经表明，在空间取向的编码中存在大量的系统偏差，这些偏见是跨模态的，出现在表面的视觉和触觉体验中，导向这些表征偏差似乎是保持编码精确性的认知适应。在3D空间中的表面取向的情况下，我们的空间/感知表征夸大了偏离水平方向，类似于正弦函数的第一个四分之一周期，可以是明确表示3D表面取向的重力分量的方式。在在2D空间中的线方向的情况下，我们的空间/感知表征再次夸大了偏离从水平方向看，虽然随着距离的增加，夸张程度不如3D情况下明显从水平。在先前的授权期间，我们已经表明，2D偏置函数与重力参照系而不是视网膜参照系。也就是说，即使在看一个圆形的还原管（以消除外部视觉定向信息）倾斜的观察者感知线取向主要相对于重力参考系，而不是相对于它们的身体参照系本工作在两个方面扩展了以前的工作。首先，使用更复杂的方向刺激，我们将倾斜观察者，以确定是否记忆偏见的方向（这表明，不同的模式）也与引力参考系有关，或者是否存在残差视网膜定位偏差的基础上，早期皮质过度代表的垂直和水平。第二，我们将使用多种方法来检查偏航维度中的角度偏差（对于感知的表面取向和方向的本体感受感知）不同于间距维度中的那些，初步数据显示，如果是这样，这些差异是否锁定在身体，视觉（地面）平面定义的），或俯仰和偏航轴的重力定义的规格。