Alcohol preload and automatic alcohol motivation: Examining the causes of dyscont

酒精预载和自动酒精动机：检查控制障碍的原因

• 批准号: 7874192
• 负责人: Brian D Ostafin
• 金额: $ 17.94万
• 依托单位: NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-06-10 至 2012-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7874192
• 关键词: Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Beer; Beverages; Cessation of life; Clinical; Conscious; Consumption; Dose; Early treatment; Elements; Failure; Health Care Costs; Heart; Heavy Drinking; Homelessness; Homicide; Impairment; Incentives; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Liver diseases; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Mediating; Motivation; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Participant; Placebos; Prize; Process; Productivity; Reaction Time; Recruitment Activity; Relapse; Reporting; Research; Risk; Role; Sampling; Screening procedure; Self-control as a personality trait; Substance Use Disorder; Suicide; Taste Perception; Testing; Time; United States; Vehicle crash; absorption; alcohol effect; alcohol measurement; cost; drinking; drinking behavior; high risk drinking; improved; motivational processes; novel strategies; psychologic; public health relevance; response; restraint; therapy development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The destructive impact of alcohol use has been well-documented. Alcohol is involved in problems such as homicides, suicides, motor vehicle crashes, heart and liver disease, cancer, increased health care costs, homelessness and decreased worker productivity. Despite the costs associated with heavy alcohol use, at-risk drinking behavior has increased over the past decade. Why do individuals engage in harmful alcohol consumption? Though some may deliberately and intentionally drink at levels that cause them harm, others do so because of impaired self-control. Dyscontrol - the difficulty in refraining from substance use despite conscious intentions to do so - is a defining element of substance use disorders. Given the personal and societal costs of dyscontrolled alcohol use, it is crucial to increase our understanding of the contexts in which dyscontrolled drinking is likely to take place and the psychological processes that support alcohol dyscontrol. In the proposed project, at-risk drinkers will be recruited to examine the effects of a priming dose of alcohol and automatic alcohol motivation on dyscontrolled drinking. Participants will begin the study by completing a baseline reaction time measure of automatic alcohol-approach associations. Participants will then receive either a priming dose of alcohol to reach a breath alcohol level of .05 or an equivalent amount of placebo beverage. After a short absorption period, automatic alcohol-approach associations will be assessed for a second time and then participants will complete a taste-test in which they drink and rate three beers on a number of adjectives for 20 minutes. We predict that the alcohol priming dose (compared to placebo) will lead to greater amount of beer consumed in the taste-test. We also predict that the influence of the alcohol priming dose on consumption in the taste-test will be mediated by the effects of the alcohol priming dose on increasing the strength of automatic alcohol-approach associations. Positive study results will provide important contributions to understanding the psychological processes that mediate compulsive, dyscontrolled alcohol consumption. Additionally, this knowledge will have clinical utility in the screening of at-risk drinkers for early intervention, in predicting relapse after an intervention, and in being used as a criterion for intervention development. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Alcohol is involved in more than 100,000 deaths per year in the United States and cost the economy $167 billion in 1995 and is involved in problems such as homicides, suicides, motor vehicle crashes, heart and liver disease, cancer, increased health care costs, homelessness and decreased worker productivity. The purpose of this research is to improve our understanding of the psychological processes that underlie and support dyscontrolled alcohol use. This novel approach to dyscontrolled drinking may have clinical utility in predicting relapse after an intervention and in being used as a criterion for intervention development.

描述(由申请人提供)：酒精使用的破坏性影响已经有了很好的记录。酒精与杀人、自杀、机动车撞车、心脏病和肝病、癌症、医疗费用增加、无家可归和工人生产率下降等问题有关。尽管大量饮酒会带来成本，但在过去十年中，高危饮酒行为有所增加。为什么个人会从事有害的酒精消费？虽然有些人可能故意和故意地饮酒，造成伤害，但另一些人这样做是因为自制力受损。控制障碍--尽管有意识地想要戒除物质使用的困难--是物质使用障碍的一个决定性因素。考虑到失控饮酒的个人和社会代价，关键是要增加我们对失控饮酒可能发生的背景以及支持酒精失控的心理过程的理解。在这项拟议的项目中，将招募有风险的饮酒者来检查酒精初始剂量和自动酒精动机对失控饮酒的影响。参与者将通过完成自动酒精接近关联的基线反应时间测量来开始这项研究。然后，参与者将获得预备量的酒精，以达到0.05的呼气酒精水平，或等量的安慰剂饮料。在短暂的吸收阶段之后，将对自动接近酒精的联想进行第二次评估，然后参与者将完成一项品尝测试，在20分钟内对几个形容词中的三瓶啤酒进行评级。我们预测，酒精激发剂量(与安慰剂相比)将导致在品尝测试中消耗更多的啤酒。我们还预测，在味觉测试中，酒精启动剂量对饮酒的影响将通过酒精启动剂量对提高自动酒精接近联想的强度的效果来中介。积极的研究结果将为理解调节强迫性、失控饮酒的心理过程提供重要贡献。此外，这一知识将在筛选高危饮酒者进行早期干预、预测干预后复发以及作为干预发展的标准方面具有临床实用价值。 与公共卫生相关：1995年，美国每年有超过10万人死于酒精，造成1670亿美元的经济损失，并与杀人、自杀、机动车撞车、心脏病和肝病、癌症、医疗费用增加、无家可归和工人生产率下降等问题有关。这项研究的目的是提高我们对酒精使用失控背后的心理过程的理解。这种针对失控饮酒的新方法可能在预测干预后复发方面具有临床实用价值，并可用作干预发展的标准。