Deterrent Effect of Specialty Courts for DWI Offenders

专门法庭对酒后驾车罪犯的威慑作用

• 批准号: 7789858
• 负责人: FRANK A SLOAN
• 金额: $ 23.4万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-03-15 至 2012-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7789858
• 关键词: Accidents; Accountability; Address; Adolescent; Affect; Age; Agreement; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol dependence; Alcohols; Applications Grants; Area; Attention; Automobile Driving; Bankruptcy; Behavior; Behavioral; Cause of Death; Characteristics; Charge; Chronic; Commit; Constitutional; County; Coupled; Court Decisions; Crime; Criminal Law; Data; Databases; Dependency; Detection; Devices; Dimensions; Driving While Intoxicated; Drug Courts; Drunk driving; Effectiveness; Evaluation; Face; Family; Fostering; Frequencies; Funding; General Population; Goals; Government; Growth; Hearing; Hour; Hybrids; Imprisonment; Individual; Institutes; Investments; Judgment; Justice; Laws; Licensing; Measures; Mechanics; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Michigan; Modeling; Monitor; Motivation; Motor Vehicles; Movement; Negligence; North Carolina; Outcome; Paper; Personality; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pilot Projects; Play; Police; Policies; Positioning Attribute; Prevention; Prisoner; Probability; Process; Publications; Punishment; Reading; Records; Regulation; Relative (related person); Reliance; Reporting; Research; Research Institute; Research Personnel; Risk; Role; Safety; Sampling; Savings; Self-control as a personality trait; Services; Severities; Signal Transduction; Source; Speed; Stigmata; Structure; Supervision; System; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Update; Vehicle crash; addiction; adjudicate; base; cost; court; deviant; drinking; driving behavior; drugged driving; experience; falls; ignition interlock device; improved; information gathering; injured; interest; medical specialties; motor vehicle injury; offender; programs; psychosocial; public health relevance; public policy on alcohol; recidivism; repeat offender; social; social stigma; statistics; substance abuse treatment; success; trafficking; trend; vehicular accident

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This 2-year study evaluates 4 types of courts, general, expedited docket, driving while Intoxicated (DWI), and hybrid drug. In recent years, states have placed increased emphasis on use of criminal sanctions to deter DWI offenders. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the traffic court model is insufficient to deter DWI in and of itself. Following trends in other areas of the law (bankruptcy, family, mental health), states increasingly have implemented specialized courts for DWI cases. These courts combine standard deterrence with efforts to treat offenders' underlying addictions. The overall agenda of the proposed research is to evaluate whether or not these specialized courts are more effective than general courts in reducing rates of DWI recidivism, crimes of various types, motor vehicle fatalities and DWI in the more general population. The study is organized around 3 specific aims. In Aim 1, Types of Courts and Impetus for Creation of DWI Courts, we identify DWI and hybrid courts on a national basis, including dates of implementation and closure (if applicable); identify expedited docket courts for 3 states, North Carolina (NC), and Georgia (GA), Michigan (MI); and assess determinants of entry/exit of DWI and hybrid courts. In Aim 2, Effects of Courts on DWI Offenses and Offenders, with NC data we will test specific hypothesis regarding the courts and effects of court type on offenders, and evaluate the feasibility of using data from GA and MI in a follow-on study. Aim 3, Effects of Courts on Crime and Motor Vehicle Fatalities, determines whether DWI courts result in reduced rates of major felonies as recorded in the UCR, motor vehicle facilities from FARS-both those for which there is documented alcohol use by a vehicle operator involved in the fatal accident, and for fatal accidents in general. Two papers will result from this research. One paper will incorporate study aims 1 and 3. The second paper will center on the Aim 2 analysis focusing on NC data. A proposal for a much larger project, building on the results from Aim 2 will also result from this study.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项为期2年的研究评估了4种类型的法院，一般，加快备审，驾驶而醉酒（DWI），和混合药物。近年来，各州越来越重视使用刑事制裁来威慑DWI罪犯。越来越明显的是，交通法庭模式本身不足以阻止DWI。随着其他法律领域（破产、家庭、精神健康）的趋势，各州越来越多地设立了专门审理DWI案件的法院。这些法院将联合收割机的标准威慑与努力治疗罪犯潜在的毒瘾相结合。拟议研究的总体议程是评估这些专门法院是否比一般法院更有效地降低了DWI累犯率，各种类型的犯罪，机动车死亡率和DWI在更普通的人群中。本研究围绕三个具体目标展开。在目标1，法院的类型和推动创建DWI法院，我们确定DWI和混合法院在国家的基础上，包括实施和关闭的日期（如适用）;确定3个州，北卡罗来纳州（NC）和格鲁吉亚（GA），密歇根州（MI）的快速备审法院;并评估DWI和混合法院的进入/退出的决定因素。在目标2，法院对DWI犯罪和罪犯的影响，与NC数据，我们将测试特定的假设，法院和法院类型对罪犯的影响，并评估使用GA和MI的数据在后续研究的可行性。目标3，法院对犯罪和机动车死亡的影响，确定DWI法院是否会导致UCR中记录的重大重罪率降低，FARS的机动车设施-无论是那些有记录在案的致命事故中涉及的车辆驾驶员使用酒精的车辆，还是一般的致命事故。两篇论文将从这项研究中产生。一份文件将纳入研究目标1和3。第二篇论文将集中在目标2分析集中在数控数据。这项研究还将产生一个更大的项目建议，以目标2的结果为基础。