Deterrent Effect of Specialty Courts for DWI Offenders

专门法庭对酒后驾车罪犯的威慑作用

• 批准号: 8046484
• 负责人: FRANK A SLOAN
• 金额: $ 18.74万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-03-15 至 2013-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8046484
• 关键词: Accidents; Accountability; Address; Adolescent; Affect; Agreement; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol dependence; Alcohols; Applications Grants; Area; Attention; Automobile Driving; Bankruptcy; Behavior; Behavioral; Cause of Death; Characteristics; Charge; Chronic; Commit; Constitutional; County; Coupled; Court Decisions; Crime; Criminal Law; Data; Databases; Dependency; Detection; Devices; Dimensions; Driving While Intoxicated; Drug Addiction; Drug Courts; Effectiveness; Evaluation; Face; Family; Fostering; Frequencies; Funding; General Population; Goals; Government; Growth; Hearing; Hour; Hybrids; Imprisonment; Individual; Institutes; Investments; Judgment; Justice; Laws; Licensing; Measures; Mechanics; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Michigan; Modeling; Monitor; Motivation; Motor Vehicles; Movement; Negligence; North Carolina; Outcome; Paper; Personality; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pilot Projects; Play; Police; Policies; Positioning Attribute; Prevention; Prisoner; Probability; Process; Publications; Punishment; Reading; Records; Regulation; Relative (related person); Reliance; Reporting; Research; Research Institute; Research Personnel; Risk; Role; Safety; Sampling; Savings; Self-control as a personality trait; Services; Severities; Signal Transduction; Source; Speed; Stigmata; Structure; Supervision; System; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Update; Vehicle crash; addiction; adjudicate; aged; base; cost; court; deviant; drinking; driving behavior; drugged driving; experience; falls; ignition interlock device; improved; information gathering; injured; interest; medical specialties; motor vehicle injury; offender; programs; psychosocial; public health relevance; public policy on alcohol; recidivism; repeat offender; social; social stigma; statistics; substance abuse treatment; success; trafficking; trend; vehicular accident

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This 2-year study evaluates 4 types of courts, general, expedited docket, driving while Intoxicated (DWI), and hybrid drug. In recent years, states have placed increased emphasis on use of criminal sanctions to deter DWI offenders. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the traffic court model is insufficient to deter DWI in and of itself. Following trends in other areas of the law (bankruptcy, family, mental health), states increasingly have implemented specialized courts for DWI cases. These courts combine standard deterrence with efforts to treat offenders' underlying addictions. The overall agenda of the proposed research is to evaluate whether or not these specialized courts are more effective than general courts in reducing rates of DWI recidivism, crimes of various types, motor vehicle fatalities and DWI in the more general population. The study is organized around 3 specific aims. In Aim 1, Types of Courts and Impetus for Creation of DWI Courts, we identify DWI and hybrid courts on a national basis, including dates of implementation and closure (if applicable); identify expedited docket courts for 3 states, North Carolina (NC), and Georgia (GA), Michigan (MI); and assess determinants of entry/exit of DWI and hybrid courts. In Aim 2, Effects of Courts on DWI Offenses and Offenders, with NC data we will test specific hypothesis regarding the courts and effects of court type on offenders, and evaluate the feasibility of using data from GA and MI in a follow-on study. Aim 3, Effects of Courts on Crime and Motor Vehicle Fatalities, determines whether DWI courts result in reduced rates of major felonies as recorded in the UCR, motor vehicle facilities from FARS-both those for which there is documented alcohol use by a vehicle operator involved in the fatal accident, and for fatal accidents in general. Two papers will result from this research. One paper will incorporate study aims 1 and 3. The second paper will center on the Aim 2 analysis focusing on NC data. A proposal for a much larger project, building on the results from Aim 2 will also result from this study.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项为期两年的研究评估了4种类型的法院，一般，加急案例，醉酒时驾驶（DWI）和混合药物。近年来，各州越来越强调使用刑事制裁来阻止DWI罪犯。越来越明显的是，交通法庭模型不足以自行阻止DWI。遵循法律其他领域的趋势（破产，家庭，心理健康）越来越多地为DWI案件实施了专门法院。这些法院将标准威慑与治疗罪犯的基本成瘾的努力相结合。拟议的研究的总体议程是评估这些专业法院在降低DWI累犯，各种类型的犯罪，汽车死亡和DWI的速度方面是否比普通法院更有效。该研究围绕3个特定目标进行了组织。在AIM 1中，法院类型和创建DWI法院的动力，我们在国家基础上确定DWI和混合法院，包括实施和关闭日期（如果适用）；确定北卡罗来纳州（NC）的3个州和密歇根州佐治亚州（MI）的加急法院；并评估DWI和混合法院入境/退出的决定因素。在AIM 2中，法院对DWI罪行和罪犯的影响，使用NC数据，我们将检验有关法院和法院类型对罪犯的影响的具体假设，并评估在后续研究中使用GA和MI数据的可行性。 AIM 3，法院对犯罪和机动车死亡的影响，确定了DWI法院是否导致UCR中记录的重罪发生率降低，来自Fars-Both的机动车设施是否会导致涉及致命事故的车辆运营商的饮酒和致命事故。这项研究将产生两篇论文。一篇论文将结合研究目标1和3。第二篇论文将集中在AIM 2分析上，重点是NC数据。基于AIM 2的结果的一个更大项目的建议也将源于这项研究。

项目成果

Deterring Rearrests for Drinking and Driving.

阻止因酒后驾驶而再次被捕。

• DOI: 10.1002/soej.12159
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Southern economic journal
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Sloan,Frank;Eldred,Lindsey;McCutchan,Sabrina;Platt,Alyssa
• 通讯作者: Platt,Alyssa

Does the probability of DWI arrest fall following participation in DWI and hybrid drug treatment court programs?

参加酒后驾车和混合药物治疗法庭项目后，酒后驾车被捕的可能性是否会下降？

• DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.08.029
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Accident; analysis and prevention
• 作者: Sloan,FrankA;Gifford,ElizabethJ;Eldred,LindseyM;McCutchan,SabrinaA
• 通讯作者: McCutchan,SabrinaA

Effects of admission and treatment strategies of DWI courts on offender outcomes.

醉驾法庭的入院和治疗策略对罪犯结局的影响。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.12.033
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: Accident; analysis and prevention
• 作者: Sloan,FrankA;Chepke,LindseyM;Davis,DontrellV;Acquah,Kofi;Zold-Kilbourn,Phyllis
• 通讯作者: Zold-Kilbourn,Phyllis