Modelling of atmospheric oxidants and aerosols: deposition, emission and chemical transformation / QUEST

大气氧化剂和气溶胶建模：沉积、排放和化学转化 / QUEST

• 批准号: NE/C516152/1
• 负责人: John Adrian Pyle
• 金额: $ 13.37万
• 依托单位: University of Sheffield
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2006 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FC516152%2F1
• 关键词: Modelling; atmospheric; oxidants; aerosols; deposition

The earth system is comprised of a large number of interacting components. For example, the atmosphere is controlled not just by processes occurring in situ but also by fluxes of energy and a variety of chemical species from the land and ocean surfaces. Similarly, atmospheric composition also depends on deposition to the earth surface. Furthermore, these processes are all likely to change with the climate state. It is only recently that detailed chemical schemes have been included in the best climate models. Coupling between land surface processes (emissions, deposition, etc.) and the chemistry/climate system has been introduced into numerical models, albeit somewhat simplified. These latter interactions could however be very important for composition and climate. The time in now right for a major UK initiative within NERC's QUEST programme, to study the role of surface processes on atmospheric oxidizing capacity and aerosol loading, building on an initiative already underway between the Met Office and the NERC Centres for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) to develop a new community model, UKCA, to study the interaction between climate and composition (gas phase composition and aerosols). This proposal addresses that task. Our proposal brings together relevant UK expertise with four main foci. These are (1) the development and testing of chemistry and aerosol schemes to include in a climate model, (2) the development and testing of a range of schemes to describe (interactively wherever possible) surface emissions of reactive trace gases, (3) the development and testing of new surface deposition schemes, and (4) implementation of these schemes into the climate model which will be used to look at climate-related variability of the model system for the immediate past and the near future. This will allow the interaction between changing climate and surface emissions with full description of the feedbacks occurring within this system. Changes in the output of the climate model will affect emissions directly, as changes in temperature, soil moisture and light intensity have direct effects on the emission rates of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These emissions (for example, the strongly temperature-dependent isoprene emissions) can affect oxidizing capacity, and hence tropospheric OH and so the concentration of reactive greenhouse gases, including ozone, thereby completing the feedback loop. Second-order effects may also be important, for example, changes insoil moisture or elevated ground level ozone may also alter VOC emission rates. Our study will allow these chemistry/climate feedback processes to be assessed in studies covering the last century and the coming century.

地球系统由大量相互作用组成。例如，大气不仅通过原位发生的过程来控制，而且还由能量通量和各种化学物种从土地和海洋表面进行控制。同样，大气组成也取决于对地球表面的沉积。此外，这些过程都可能随气候状态而变化。直到最近，最佳气候模型才包括详细的化学方案。土地表面过程（排放，沉积等）与化学/气候系统之间的耦合已被引入数值模型中，尽管有些简化。但是，这些后一种相互作用对于组成和气候可能非常重要。 NERC的Quest计划中的一项重大倡议的现在，研究表面过程对大气氧化能力和气溶胶加载的作用，建立在MET办公室与NERC大气科学中心（NCAS）之间已经开展的一项计划，以开发一个新的社区模型，UKCA，以研究气候和组合物（Gas Apecors and Alerosososososs和Airososols）之间的相互作用。该建议解决了该任务。我们的建议将相关的英国专业知识与四个主要焦点汇集在一起​​。这些是（1）在气候模型中纳入化学和气溶胶方案的开发和测试，（2）（2）开发和测试一系列方案，以描述（尽可能在可能的情况下进行互动）反应性痕量气体的表面排放，（（3）将新的表面沉积方案的开发和测试用于新的表面沉积方案的开发和测试。过去和不久的将来。这将允许气候变化和表面排放之间的相互作用，并完整描述该系统中发生的反馈。气候模型的输出变化将直接影响排放，因为温度，土壤水分和光强度的变化对生物挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的排放率有直接影响。这些排放（例如，强度依赖温度的异戊二烯排放）会影响氧化能力，因此会影响对流层OH，因此包括臭氧在内的反应性温室气体的浓度，从而完成了反馈循环。二阶效应也可能很重要，例如，变化insoil水分或较高的地面臭氧也可能会改变VOC排放率。我们的研究将使这些化学/气候反馈过程在涵盖上个世纪和下一世纪的研究中进行评估。