The distribution of light on the human retina

光线在人视网膜上的分布

• 批准号: 7749943
• 负责人: RICHARD A. BONE
• 金额: $ 7.23万
• 依托单位: FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7749943
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age related macular degeneration; Antioxidants; Area; Automobile Driving; Blindness; Computers; Data; Defense Mechanisms; Development; Diet; Disease; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Etiology; Exposure to; Eye; Genetic; Goals; Human; Image; Image Analysis; Incidence; Intake; Intention; Investigation; Knowledge; Light; Macular degeneration; Measurement; Measures; Mentors; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Oxygen; Peripheral; Photosensitizing Agents; Pigments; Play; Positioning Attribute; Prevention; Procedures; Pupil; Research; Retina; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Spatial Distribution; Stress; Students; System; Techniques; Technology; Television; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Visual attention; Work; Writing; Xanthophylls; base; cell type; dietary supplements; experience; falls; gaze; innovation; light effects; macula; modifiable risk; movie; novel; oxidative damage; research study; success; sunglasses

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease with multiple risk factors, underlying many of which appears to be oxidative damage. Because of the presence of photosensitizers in the retina, much of the oxidative damage may be owing to the relatively intense, short-wavelength, focused light to which the retina is subjected. Our long-term goal is to gain a deeper understanding of the opposing roles of light and the eye's defense mechanisms in the etiology of AMD. That the damage which AMD inflicts is quite localized raises the question of whether light, integrated over a lifetime, falls uniformly on the retina, or is more concentrated, like the disease, in the macula. Our objective is to develop a technology with which we will measure the cumulative light distribution on the human retina over extended periods of time. Our hypothesis is that the distribution will reach a maximum in the central macula. This hypothesis is based on the observation that bright objects in the environment tend to attract our visual attention and are thereby imaged in the center of the macula. Our specific aims are to develop an eye-tracking system with which to measure the cumulative light distribution on the retina under conditions in which subjects freely view still images, movies and, ultimately as we refine the method, the environment around them. At a given instant, the distribution of light on the retina is determined by the distribution of light in the scene being observed, the subject's gaze position in the scene, and the size of the eye's pupil. Preliminary studies have demonstrated the feasibility of our approach using an eye-tracking system. The relevance of, and rationale for, these studies is that knowledge of the distribution of light on the retina would provide us with an understanding of the association between excessive ambient light and the risk for AMD, and an explanation of why the eye has evolved mechanisms to limit damage by light in the central macula. In succeeding studies, it will be our intention to make a transition to a fully portable system so that the same measurements can be made under a variety of conditions, e.g., driving, sitting in front of a computer or television, or different outdoor activities. The successful completion of these studies will amplify our knowledge of the etiology of AMD and one of its modifiable risk factors - light. Relevance: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the USA, with the number of those afflicted estimated to rise from the current ~ 2 million to ~ 3 million by the year 2020. While the etiology of AMD is not well understood, excessive environmental light, which is a modifiable risk factor, appears to play a role. The current proposal seeks to advance our knowledge of AMD in this area and thereby highlight the importance of eye protection against the damaging effects of light, for example, through the use of sunglasses and appropriate dietary supplements.

描述（由申请人提供）：视网膜相关性黄斑变性（AMD）是一种具有多种风险因素的疾病，其中许多风险因素似乎是氧化损伤。由于视网膜中存在光敏剂，许多氧化损伤可能是由于视网膜受到相对强烈的短波长聚焦光。我们的长期目标是更深入地了解AMD病因学中光和眼睛防御机制的对立作用。AMD所造成的损害是相当局部化的，这就提出了一个问题：光，在一生中积累，是否均匀地落在视网膜上，福尔斯，或更集中，像疾病，在黄斑。我们的目标是开发一种技术，我们将测量人类视网膜上的累积光分布在很长一段时间。我们的假设是，分布将在中央黄斑达到最大值。这一假设是基于观察到的，即环境中明亮的物体往往会吸引我们的视觉注意力，从而在黄斑中心成像。我们的具体目标是开发一种眼睛跟踪系统，在受试者自由观看静态图像、电影以及最终（随着我们改进方法）周围环境的条件下，利用该系统测量视网膜上的累积光分布。在给定时刻，视网膜上的光分布由所观察的场景中的光分布、场景中的受试者的凝视位置以及眼睛瞳孔的大小来确定。初步研究已经证明了我们的方法使用眼动跟踪系统的可行性。这些研究的相关性和基本原理是，视网膜上光分布的知识将为我们提供对过度环境光与AMD风险之间关联的理解，并解释为什么眼睛已经进化出限制中央黄斑光损伤的机制。在随后的研究中，我们打算过渡到完全便携式系统，以便在各种条件下进行相同的测量，例如，开车，坐在电脑或电视机前，或不同的户外活动。这些研究的成功完成将扩大我们对AMD病因及其可改变的风险因素之一-光的了解。相关性：视网膜相关性黄斑变性（AMD）是美国失明的主要原因，估计到2020年，患病人数将从目前的约200万增加到约300万。虽然AMD的病因还不清楚，但过度的环境光，这是一个可改变的风险因素，似乎发挥了作用。目前的建议旨在提高我们对AMD在这一领域的认识，从而强调保护眼睛免受光的破坏性影响的重要性，例如，通过使用太阳镜和适当的膳食补充剂。